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Study of some important salts

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Preparation and Uses of Sodium Hydroxide

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Water of Crystallisation

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Q: (a) What is plaster of Paris? Write the chemical formula of plaster of Paris.(b) How is plaster of Paris prepared? Write chemical equation of the reaction involved.(c) Explain why plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container.(d) State two important uses of plaster of Paris.

(a) Plaster of Paris is calcium sulphate hemihydrate. Its chemical formula is: \$CaSO_4. \dfrac12 H_2O\$.(b) It is prepared by heating gypsum to a temperature of \$100^0C\$ in a kiln. It loses 3/4th of its water of crystallisation and forms plaster of Paris. \$\underset{Gypsum}{CaSO_4.2H_2O} \xrightarrow[373 k]{Heat \ at \ 100^0C} \underset{Plaster \ of \ paris}{CaSO_4.\dfrac12 H_2O} + \underset{water}{1 \dfrac{1}{2} H_2O}\$(c) Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container because the presence of moisture can cause the slow setting of the plaster of Paris by bringing about its hydration.(d) Uses of plaster of Paris: (i) It is used as a fire proofing material. (ii) it is used in hospitals for setting fractured bones in the right position to ensure correct healing.

Q: Match the following columns:Column (I) Column (II) (1) Bleaching powder(a) Sodium bicarbonate(2) Baking soda(b) Sodium carbonate (3) Washing soda(c) Calcium oxychloride(4) Plaster of Paris (d) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate

Bleaching powder \$\longrightarrow\$ Calcium oxychloride \$-\ CaO{Cl}_2\$Baking soda \$\longrightarrow\$ Sodium bicarbonate \$-\ NaHCO_3\$Washing soda \$\longrightarrow\$ Sodium carbonate \$-\ Na_2CO_3\$Plaster of Paris \$\longrightarrow\$ Calcium sulphate hemihydrate \$-\ CaSO_4\cdot \dfrac12H_2O\$

Q: What is meant by water of crystallization of a substance? Describe an activity to show the water of crystallization.

Water of crystallization or the water of hydration is the water that occurs in the crystals. It is denoted as hydrated compound \$nH_2O \$. For example, gypsum is a soft mass having the formula \$ CaSO_4.2H_2O\$. On heating gypsum, plaster of paris is formed by losing the water of crystallization. Plaster of paris is a hard mass with the formula \$ CaSO_4.\dfrac{1}{2}H_2O\$.

Q: Match the followingColumn (A)Column (B)(a)\$NaHCO_3\$(i)Caustic soda(b)\$Na_2CO_3.10H_2O\$(ii)Baking soda(c)\$NaOH\$(iii)Blue vitriol(d)\$CuSO_4\, 5H_2O\$(iv)Washing soda

\$NaHCO_3\longrightarrow\$ Baking soda (Sodium Bi-carbonate)\$Na_2CO_3\cdot 10H_2O\longrightarrow\$ Washing soda (Sodium carbonate deca-hydrate)\$NaOH\longrightarrow\$ Caustic soda (Sodium hydroxide)\$CuSO_4\cdot 5H_2O\longrightarrow\$ Blue vitriol (Copper sulphate pentahydrate)

Q: Which of the following salts does not contain water of crystallisation?

Explanation: The water molecules that are present in the crystals are called water of crystallisation.The molecular formula of blue vitriol is \$CuSO_4.5H_2O\$It is called copper sulfate pentahydrate and It contains \$5\$ moles of water of crystallisation.Sodium carbonate monohydrate is called washing soda. Its molecular formula is \$Na_2CO_3.H_2O\$. It has \$1\$ mole of water of crystallisation.Gypsum is called calcium sulphate dihydrate \$CaSO_4.2H_2O\$. It has \$2\$ mole of water of crystallisation.Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate (\$NaHCO_3\$). It is anhydrous. Hence, baking soda does not contain water of crystallization.Correct Option: \$B\$

Q: Name a salt which does not contain water of crystallization.

Sodium Nitrate, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Nitrate, Barium Sulphate are the salts which does not contain water of crystallization. Salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base .

Q: Match the chemical substances given in column (I) with their appropriate application given in column (II):Column I Column II(1) Bleaching powder(i) Preparation of glass(2) Baking soda(ii) Production of \$H_2\$ and \$Cl_2\$(3) Washing Soda(iii) Decolourisation(4) Sodium chloride(iv) Antacid

Bleaching Power \$\rightarrow\$ DecolourisationBaking soda \$\rightarrow\$ AntacidWashing Soda \$\rightarrow\$ Preparation of glassSodium chloride \$\rightarrow\$ Production of \$H_2\$ and \$Cl_2\$

Q: Fill in the following tableName of the saltFormula Salt obtained from BaseSalt obtained from Acid(i) Ammonium ChlorideNH\$_4\$Cl NH\$_4\$OH-(ii) Copper sulphate --H\$_2\$SO\$_4\$(iii) Sodium chlorideNaClNaOH-(iv) Magnesium NitrateMg(NO\$_3\$)\$_2\$-HNO\$_3\$(v) Calcium nitrateCa(NO\$_3\$)\$_2\$ Ca(OH)\$_2\$-

Name of the saltFormula Salt obtained from Base Salt obtained from Acid(i) Ammonium Chloride NH\$_4\$Cl NH\$_4\$OHHCl(ii) Copper sulphate CuSO\$_4\$ Cu(OH)\$_2\$H\$_2\$SO\$_4\$(iii) Sodium chlorideNaCl NaOHHCl(iv) Magnesium NitrateMg(NO\$_3\$)\$_2\$ Mg(OH)\$_2\$HNO\$_3\$(v) Calcium nitrateCa(NO\$_3\$)\$_2\$ Ca(OH)\$_2\$HNO\$_3\$

Salt Processing - Sodium Hydroxide

7 mins

Salt processing - Bleaching powder

6 mins

Salt Processing - Baking Soda

8 mins

Salt processing - Washing Soda

5 mins

Water of crystallisation

5 mins

Quick Summary With Stories

Caustic Soda

2 mins read

Bleaching Powder

2 mins read

Baking Soda

2 mins read

Washing Soda

2 mins read

View solution

Sodium chloride imparts a yellow color to the Bunsen flame. This can be interpreted due to the :

Medium

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Column (I)	Column (II)
(1) Bleaching powder	(a) Sodium bicarbonate
(2) Baking soda	(b) Sodium carbonate
(3) Washing soda	(c) Calcium oxychloride
(4) Plaster of Paris	(d) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate

	Column (A)		Column (B)
(a)	$N a H C O_{3}$	(i)	Caustic soda
(b)	$N a_{2} C O_{3} . 10 H_{2} O$	(ii)	Baking soda
(c)	$N a O H$	(iii)	Blue vitriol
(d)	$C u S O_{4} 5 H_{2} O$	(iv)	Washing soda

Column I	Column II
(1) Bleaching powder	(i) Preparation of glass
(2) Baking soda	(ii) Production of $H_{2}$ and $C l_{2}$
(3) Washing Soda	(iii) Decolourisation
(4) Sodium chloride	(iv) Antacid

Name of the salt	Formula	Salt obtained from Base	Salt obtained from Acid
(i) Ammonium Chloride	NH $_{4}$ Cl	NH $_{4}$ OH	-
(ii) Copper sulphate	-	-	H $_{2}$ SO $_{4}$
(iii) Sodium chloride	NaCl	NaOH	-
(iv) Magnesium Nitrate	Mg(NO $_{3}$ ) $_{2}$	-	HNO $_{3}$
(v) Calcium nitrate	Ca(NO $_{3}$ ) $_{2}$	Ca(OH) $_{2}$	-

Revise with Concepts

Preparation and Uses of Sodium Hydroxide

Water of Crystallisation

Learn with Videos

Quick Summary With Stories

Caustic Soda

Bleaching Powder

Baking Soda

Washing Soda

Water of Crystallization

(a) What is plaster of Paris? Write the chemical formula of plaster of Paris. (b) How is plaster of Paris prepared? Write chemical equation of the reaction involved. (c) Explain why plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. (d) State two important uses of plaster of Paris.

Match the following columns: Column (I) Column (II) (1) Bleaching powder(a) Sodium bicarbonate(2) Baking soda(b) Sodium carbonate (3) Washing soda(c) Calcium oxychloride(4) Plaster of Paris (d) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate

What is meant by water of crystallization of a substance? Describe an activity to show the water of crystallization.

Match the following Column (A)Column (B)(a)NaHCO3​(i)Caustic soda(b)Na2​CO3​.10H2​O(ii)Baking soda(c)NaOH(iii)Blue vitriol(d)CuSO4​5H2​O(iv)Washing soda

Which of the following salts does not contain water of crystallisation?

Starting with sodium chloride how would you proceed to prepare (i) sodium metal, (ii) sodium hydroxide, (iii) sodium peroxide, (iv) sodium carbonate?

Name a salt which does not contain water of crystallization.

Match the chemical substances given in column (I) with their appropriate application given in column (II): Column I Column II(1) Bleaching powder(i) Preparation of glass(2) Baking soda(ii) Production of H2​ and Cl2​(3) Washing Soda(iii) Decolourisation(4) Sodium chloride(iv) Antacid

Fill in the following table Name of the saltFormula Salt obtained from BaseSalt obtained from Acid(i) Ammonium ChlorideNH4​Cl NH4​OH-(ii) Copper sulphate --H2​SO4​(iii) Sodium chlorideNaClNaOH-(iv) Magnesium NitrateMg(NO3​)2​-HNO3​(v) Calcium nitrateCa(NO3​)2​ Ca(OH)2​-

Sodium chloride imparts a yellow color to the Bunsen flame. This can be interpreted due to the :

(a) What is plaster of Paris? Write the chemical formula of plaster of Paris.
(b) How is plaster of Paris prepared? Write chemical equation of the reaction involved.
(c) Explain why plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container.
(d) State two important uses of plaster of Paris.

Match the following columns:

Column (I) Column (II)
(1) Bleaching powder (a) Sodium bicarbonate
(2) Baking soda (b) Sodium carbonate
(3) Washing soda (c) Calcium oxychloride
(4) Plaster of Paris (d) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate

Match the following

Column (A) Column (B)
(a) $N a H C O_{3}$ (i) Caustic soda
(b) $N a_{2} C O_{3} . 10 H_{2} O$ (ii) Baking soda
(c) $N a O H$ (iii) Blue vitriol
(d) $C u S O_{4} 5 H_{2} O$ (iv) Washing soda