Q: Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?

Joint forest management is a policy of forest conservation in which the government and local communities strive for the conservation of forests.Chipko Movement: Chipko Movement was a forest conservation movement in India. It began in 1973. Alaknanda floods alarmed people of how deforestation has resulted in the disturbance.Beej Bachao Andolan is a forest conservatory movement which not only aimed at protecting traditional seeds but also to promote the local traditions of the communities living there.All of the above movements involved communities. But wildlife sanctuaries are demarcated to limit the entry of local communities into forest areas this is done by the Government and Forest Department.

Question 1

Mention the steps taken by the government to protect flora and fauna of the country.

Accepted Answer

The following steps are taken by the government to protect the flora and fauna of the country.(i) Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 in India.(ii) Fourteen biosphere reserves have been set up in the country to protect flora and fauna. Four out of these - Sundarbans in West Bengal, Nanda Devi in Uttarakhand, the Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu and the Nilgiris - have been included in the world network of biosphere reserves.(iii) Financial and technical assistance is provided to many botanical gardens by the government since 1992.(iv) Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard and many other eco-developmental projects have been introduced.(v) Total 89 national parks, 490 wildlife sanctuaries and zoological gardens are set up to take care of natural heritage.

Question 2

Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.

Accepted Answer

The communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India in the following ways:(a) In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthani villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act. In many areas villagers themselves are protecting habitats and explicitly rejecting government involvement. (b) Many states have launched the Joint Forest Management Programme to involve local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. Odisha was the first state to launch this programme. (c) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared about 1200 hectares of forest area as the 'Bhairodev Dakav Sonchuri'.

Question 3

Write  a  note  on  good  practices  towards  conserving  forest  and  wildlife.

Accepted Answer

Good practices towards conservation of forest and wildlife are plenty. Nowadays, many non-governmental organisations are working towards creating public awareness for conserving, depleting forest cover and vanishing wildlife. Central and many state governments established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries to protect forests and endangered species in wildlife. A recently developing practice towards conservation is the search for different conservation measures. Biodiversity is the new by-word for good practices towards conserving forests and wildlife. Various communities, especially in tribal areas who are dependent on forests for their living, are now taking an active role in this form of conservation.

Question 4

Write a short note on the wildlife of India.

Accepted Answer

Wildlife  in IndiaThe animals that live in a specific region are what we call the wildlife of the region. Just as vegetation is the flora, wildlife is the fauna of a region. Animals can be found in every time of vegetation and are usually isolated from any human contact. It includes all the animals, birds, insects etc of the region.The diversity of wildlife in the world is unimaginably large. There are said to be about 1 to 2 million species of animals on the planet! And India in particular boasts of an incredible wildlife presence.Our national animal the tiger is one such rare animal found in India. In fact, the Bengal tiger can be found nowhere else on earth. We also have the Asiatic Lion, the only species of lions found outside Africa. It is home to many such exotic animals such as the Indian Elephant, the rhinoceroses and the leopard.To preserve these amazing animals and their natural habitats, we have many conservatories, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. In recent times to bring down illegal hunting and poaching the government has passed some very strict laws as well.

Question 5

Match the following:i. Walrusa. Softwood treeii. Cedar b. An animal of tropical deciduous forestiii. Olivesc. A polar animaliv. Elephants   d. Temperate grassland in Australiav. Campose. A citrus fruitvi. Downsf. Tropical grassland of Brazil

Accepted Answer

Walrus - A large Arctic (Polar) marine animal characterized by tusks and whiskers.Cedar - A softwood tree with its wood being stable, finely textured and extremely long lasting.Olives - A citrus fruit grown majorly in Mediterranean basin and Africa.Elephants - In South Asia they dwell in tropical deciduous forests. In Africa they are also found in tropical rain-forests.Campos - Grassland covers parts of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, and all of Uruguay.Downs - Grassland covers mostly Northern Australia. These are vast plains of tall, dense grass with pockets of woodlands.

Question 6

Why do we need to conserve forests and wildlife?

Accepted Answer

(i) There has been a rapid decline in wildlife population and forestry.(ii) Conservation helps to preserve the ecological balance and ecological diversity and our life support systemswater, air and soil. Conservation also helps to preserve the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding.(iii) Forests and wildlife also provide economic benefits. Forest depletion accelerates soil erosion.(iv) Forests act as oxygen cover for our Planet and deforestation would mean depletion of oxygen needed by living organisms.

Question 7

Write at least three factors which have been responsible for depletion of forest and wildlife.

Accepted Answer

The three factors which are responsible for depletion of forest and wildlife are as follows:(i) Development during Colonial Period: During colonial period, due to the expansion of railway network, agricultural, commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities, a great damage was inflicted on Indian forests.(ii) Agricultural Expansion: After independence, agricultural expansion became the major cause of depletion of forest resources. (iii) Shifting Cultivation: It is a type of slash and burn agriculture. A large part of the tribal belt of North - Eastern and Central India have been deforested by this type of agriculture.

Question 8

Which  of  the  following  conservation  strategies  do  not  directly  involve community participation?

Accepted Answer

Joint forest management is a policy of forest&#10;conservation in which the government and local communities strive for the conservation&#10;of forests.Chipko Movement: Chipko Movement was a forest conservation movement in India. It began in 1973. Alaknanda&#10;floods alarmed people of how deforestation has resulted in the disturbance.Beej Bachao Andolan is a forest&#10;conservatory movement which not only aimed at protecting traditional seeds but&#10;also to promote the local traditions of the communities living there.All of the above movements involved&#10;communities. But wildlife sanctuaries are demarcated to limit the entry of&#10;local communities into forest areas this is done by the Government and Forest Department. &#10;&#10;&#10;&#10;&#10;&#10;

Question 9

Which is a great achievement of the Chipko Movement?

Accepted Answer

Chipko movement was a forest conservation movement in India. It&#10;began in 1973. Alaknanda floods alarmed people of how deforestation has&#10;resulted in disturbance.Thus people took up this movement and carried on a number of rallies&#10;to create awareness among people. They protested against commercial logging&#10;operations. And finally deforestation was prevented.&#10;&#10;

Question 10

Give three reasons for rapid depletion of forest resources in India in the past.

Accepted Answer

Reasons for depletion of forest resources in India in the past are:1. Huge tracts of forests were destructed for expanding agriculture.2.  The British systematically destroyed the Indian forests to meet the growingdemand for timber in Britain. Many forests were also destroyed by thegovernment during the World Wars to supply timber to the war front.3. Forests have been cleared to make land available for building houses and industries.

Revise with Concepts

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

Types and Distribution of Forest

Mention the steps taken by the government to protect flora and fauna of the country.

Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.

Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.

Long answer type questions:
Write a short note on the wildlife of India.

Match the following:
i. Walrus a. Softwood tree
ii. Cedar b. An animal of tropical deciduous forest
iii. Olives c. A polar animal
iv. Elephants d. Temperate grassland in Australia
v. Campos e. A citrus fruit
vi. Downs f. Tropical grassland of Brazil

Why do we need to conserve forests and wildlife?

Write at least three factors which have been responsible for depletion of forest and wildlife.

Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?

Which is a great achievement of the Chipko Movement?

Give three reasons for rapid depletion of forest resources in India in the past.

i. Walrus	a. Softwood tree
ii. Cedar	b. An animal of tropical deciduous forest
iii. Olives	c. A polar animal
iv. Elephants	d. Temperate grassland in Australia
v. Campos	e. A citrus fruit
vi. Downs	f. Tropical grassland of Brazil

Revise with Concepts

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

Types and Distribution of Forest

Mention the steps taken by the government to protect flora and fauna of the country.

Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.

Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.

Long answer type questions:Write a short note on the wildlife of India.

Match the following:i. Walrusa. Softwood treeii. Cedar b. An animal of tropical deciduous forestiii. Olivesc. A polar animaliv. Elephants d. Temperate grassland in Australiav. Campose. A citrus fruitvi. Downsf. Tropical grassland of Brazil

Why do we need to conserve forests and wildlife?

Write at least three factors which have been responsible for depletion of forest and wildlife.

Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?

Which is a great achievement of the Chipko Movement?

Give three reasons for rapid depletion of forest resources in India in the past.

Long answer type questions:
Write a short note on the wildlife of India.

Match the following:
i. Walrus a. Softwood tree
ii. Cedar b. An animal of tropical deciduous forest
iii. Olives c. A polar animal
iv. Elephants d. Temperate grassland in Australia
v. Campos e. A citrus fruit
vi. Downs f. Tropical grassland of Brazil