Q: Write a newspaper report on:a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacreb) The Simon Commission

a) On 13th April 1919, a large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh – some to protest against the British government’s repressive measures, others to attend the annual Baishakhi Fair. These people were unaware of the imposition of Martial Law in the city. General Dyer, the Commander, blocked the exit points from the Bagh and opened fire upon the innocent citizens. Dyer’s intention was to produce a ‘moral effect’ and terrorize satyagrahis. Hundreds of innocent people including women and children were killed and wounded due to this indiscriminate firing by the British soldiers, which ultimately led to nation-wide outrage. Jallianwala Bagh incident was the most brutal incident in the History of India. b) The Simon Commission was constituted by the Tory Government in Britain, under Sir John Simon. The objective of the Commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest some constitutional changes. But nationalists in India opposed the Commission because it had not a single Indian member. Therefore, when the Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with the slogan “Go Back Simon”. All parties, including Congress and the Muslim league, participated in the demonstrations.

Q: Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.

A woman’s role is always considered to be of a homemaker. But by participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement, I became a part of the nation making process. It was a motivating experience for me when I tended to those injured in the lathi charge. It was like taking care of my own brother.

Question 1

Describe the main features of 'Poona Pact'.

Accepted Answer

The Poona Pact was an agreement signed on 24th September 1932 between Gandhiji and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar on behalf of the depressed classes and upper-caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of the British India government. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits. When the British government conceded Ambedkar&#8217;s demand, Gandhiji began a fast unto death. Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji&#8217;s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932. The main features of the Poona Pact were: i. It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule&#10;Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils. ii. They were to be voted in by the general electorate. iii. The act came into force due to Gandhiji's fast unto death, and Ambedkar ultimately accepting Gandhiji's stand.

Question 2

Why did Mahatma Gandhi relaunch the Civil Disobedience Movement with great apprehension ?Explain.

Accepted Answer

In December 1931, Gandhiji went to London for the second round table conference, but the negotiations broke down and he returned disappointed. Back in India, he discovered that the government had begun a new cycle of repression. Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru were both in jail, the Congress had been declared illegal, and a series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings, demonstrations, and boycotts. Hence, with great apprehension, Mahatma Gandhi relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932.

Question 3

Describe the main features of the 'Salt March'.

Accepted Answer

The main features of Salt March were :1. Gandhi started the march on 12th March 1930 with 78 volunteers after Lord Irwin ignored his letter that had the demand for the abolition of the salt tax.2. The march covered 240 miles over 24 days starting from Sabarmati to the Gujarati town of Dandi. Gandhi was accompanied by thousands of people.3. He reached Dandi on 6th April, manufactured salt from the seawater, and violated the law.

Question 4

Write a newspaper report on:a)   The Jallianwala Bagh massacreb)   The  Simon  Commission

Accepted Answer

&#10;&#10;a) On 13th&#10;April 1919, a large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh &#8211;&#10;some to protest against the British government&#8217;s repressive measures, others to&#10;attend the annual Baishakhi Fair. These people were unaware of the imposition&#10;of Martial Law in the city. General Dyer, the Commander, blocked the exit&#10;points from the Bagh and opened fire upon the innocent citizens. Dyer&#8217;s&#10;intention was to produce a &#8216;moral effect&#8217; and terrorize satyagrahis. Hundreds&#10;of innocent people including women and children were killed and wounded due to&#10;this indiscriminate firing by the British soldiers, which ultimately led to&#10;nation-wide outrage. Jallianwala Bagh incident was the most brutal incident in&#10;the History of India.&#10;&#10;b) The Simon Commission was constituted by the Tory Government in Britain,&#10;under Sir John Simon. The objective of the Commission was to look into the&#10;functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest some&#10;constitutional changes. But nationalists in India opposed the Commission&#10;because it had not a single Indian member. Therefore, when the Simon Commission&#10;arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with the slogan &#8220;Go Back Simon&#8221;. All&#10;parties, including Congress and the Muslim league, participated in the&#10;demonstrations.&#10;&#10;

Question 5

Women participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement was mere symbolic in character. Discuss

Accepted Answer

An important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement was the large-scale participation of women. During Gandhijis salt march, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail. In urban areas these women were from high-caste families; in rural areas they came from rich peasant households. Moved by Gandhijis call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women. Yet, this increased public role did not necessarily mean any radical change in the way the position of women was visualised. Gandhiji was convinced that it was the duty of women to look after home and hearth, be good mothers and good wives. And for a long time the Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation. It was keen only on their symbolic presence.

Question 6

Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.

Accepted Answer

&#10;&#10;A woman&#8217;s&#10;role is always considered to be of a homemaker. But by participating in the&#10;Civil Disobedience Movement, I became a part of the nation making process. It&#10;was a motivating experience for me when I tended to those injured in the lathi&#10;charge. It was like taking care of my own brother.&#10;&#10;

Question 7

Two features- A and B are marked in the given political outline map of &#10;India. Identify these features with the help of the following &#10;information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the &#10;map:B. The place, where the Civil Disobedience Movement was started.

Accepted Answer

On March 12, 1930, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience movement against British rule in India. Gandhiji set out from Sabarmati with 78 followers on a 241-mile march to the coastal town of Dandi on the Arabian Sea. There, Gandhiji and his followers defied British policy by making salt from seawater.

Question 8

At the Lahore session of Congress, the demand for 'Purna Swaraj' was declared and the tentative date for the celebration of independence day was given as _______.

Accepted Answer

In December 1929, under the Presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalised the demand of 'Purna Swaraj' or full independence for India. It was declared that 26 January 1930 would be celebrated as the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for complete independence.

Question 9

Why the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress was uncertain during Civil Disobedience Movement?

Accepted Answer

Due to the Great Depression cash incomes dwindled and the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted. Apprehensive of raising issues that might upset the rich peasants and landlords, the Congress was unwilling to support no rent campaigns in most places. So the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress remained uncertain during the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Question 10

Swaraj party leaders wanted to contest elections for Provincial councils formed under

Accepted Answer

In February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement. He felt the movement was turning violent in many places and satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggles. Specially the incident of Chauri Chaura where the Police station was set on fire was the eyeopener for Gandhi. Within the Congress, some leaders were by now tired of mass struggles and wanted to participate in elections to the provincial councils that had been setup by the Government of India Act of 1919. They felt that it was important to oppose British policies within the councils, argue for reform and also demonstrate that these councils were not truly democratic. C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return to council politics. But younger leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose pressed for more radical mass agitation and for full independence.

Learn with Videos

Quick Summary With Stories

Simon Commission and its recommendations

Introduction of Civil Disobedience Movement

Dandi March

Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Impacts of Civil Disobedience Movement

Poona Pact

Describe the main features of 'Poona Pact'.

Why did Mahatma Gandhi relaunch the Civil Disobedience Movement with great apprehension ?Explain.

Describe the main features of the 'Salt March'.

Write a newspaper report on:
a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
b) The Simon Commission

Women participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement was mere symbolic in character. Discuss

Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.

Two features- A and B are marked in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map:
B. The place, where the Civil Disobedience Movement was started.

At the Lahore session of Congress, the demand for 'Purna Swaraj' was declared and the tentative date for the celebration of independence day was given as _______.

Why the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress was uncertain during Civil Disobedience Movement?

Swaraj party leaders wanted to contest elections for Provincial councils formed under

Learn with Videos

Quick Summary With Stories

Simon Commission and its recommendations

Introduction of Civil Disobedience Movement

Dandi March

Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Impacts of Civil Disobedience Movement

Poona Pact

Describe the main features of 'Poona Pact'.

Why did Mahatma Gandhi relaunch the Civil Disobedience Movement with great apprehension ?Explain.

Describe the main features of the 'Salt March'.

Write a newspaper report on:a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacreb) The Simon Commission

Women participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement was mere symbolic in character. Discuss

Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.

Two features- A and B are marked in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map:B. The place, where the Civil Disobedience Movement was started.

At the Lahore session of Congress, the demand for 'Purna Swaraj' was declared and the tentative date for the celebration of independence day was given as _______.

Why the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress was uncertain during Civil Disobedience Movement?

Swaraj party leaders wanted to contest elections for Provincial councils formed under

Write a newspaper report on:
a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
b) The Simon Commission

Two features- A and B are marked in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map:
B. The place, where the Civil Disobedience Movement was started.