Q: How do substances like \$CO_2\$ and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss.

With the process of diffusion, substances like \$CO_2\$ and water move in and out of the cell.If the concentration level of \$CO_2\$ and water is higher in an external environment than that inside the cell, water and \$CO_2\$ move inside and in case if their concentration level is low, they move outside.

Q: Which one of the following statements is true regarding digestion and absorption of food in humans?

After digestion, most of the monosaccharides are absorbed into the body via active transport using sodium ions. Fructose is absorbed via facilitated diffusion. Amino acids are absorbed via secondary active transport using sodium ions. Chylomicrons cannot enter blood capillaries and hence enter lacteals. Only 5% of starch is hydrolyzed in the mouth. Proenzyme pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells in the stomach So, the correct answer is 'Fructose and amino acids are absorbed through intestinal mucosa with the help of carrier ions like Na+'.

Question 1

How do substances like $CO_2$ and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss.

Accepted Answer

With the process of diffusion, substances like $CO_2$ and water move in and out of the cell.If the concentration level of $CO_2$ and water is higher in an external environment than that inside the cell, water and $CO_2$ move inside and in case if their concentration level is low, they move outside.

Question 2

Name the organ which performs the following function in humans(a) Absorption of digested food(b) Absorption of water

Accepted Answer

Absorption of food takes place in the small intestine:The inner wall, or mucosa, of the small intestine, is covered in wrinkles or folds called plicae circulares that project microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue called villi, which in turn have finger-like projections known as microvilli.The function of the plicae circulares, the villi, and the microvilli is to increase the amount of surface area available for the absorption of nutrients.Absorption of water takes place in the large intestine:The large intestine is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract that performs the vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting digested food into feces. The absorption of water by the large intestine not only helps to condense and solidify feces but also allows the body to retain water to be used in other metabolic processes.

Question 3

Which one of the following statements is true regarding digestion and absorption of food in humans?

Accepted Answer

After digestion, most of the monosaccharides are&#10;absorbed into the body via active transport using sodium ions. Fructose is absorbed&#10;via facilitated diffusion. Amino acids are absorbed via secondary active&#10;transport using sodium ions. Chylomicrons cannot enter blood capillaries&#10;and hence enter lacteals. Only 5% of starch is hydrolyzed in the&#10;mouth. Proenzyme pepsinogen is secreted by chief&#10;cells in the stomach&#10;So, the correct answer is 'Fructose and amino acids are absorbed through intestinal mucosa with the help of carrier ions like Na+'.

Question 4

Select the correct match of the digested products in humans given in column I with their absorption site and mechanism in column II.                 Column I                                 Column II

Accepted Answer

The small intestine is the principal organ for absorption of nutrients. Amino acids like glycine, monosaccharides like glucose absorbed into the blood by active absorption. Fructose is absorbed by facilitated absorption while Na+ is by active absorption in the small intestine. Bile acids are absorbed in ileum region by active absorption. Fatty acids, cholesterol are absorbed as chylomicrons by lacteals and then drain into bloodstream. Maltose is broken down into glucose by maltase then that glucose is absorbed by simple diffusion in the small intestine. So, the right option is (A).

Question 5

Which of the following statements are incorrect about chylomicrons?

(i) Chylomicrons are produced in the epithelial cells of the small intestine.
(ii) It contains triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids.
(iii) They are protein-coated small vesicles.
(iv) Chylomicrons are released from the epithelial cell into lacteals.

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

The final product of digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are

Accepted Answer

The end product of carbohydrate digestion is mainly glucose together with some fructose, glucose, and galactose. The end products of protein digestion in the small intestine are amino acids. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
(i) Absorption of simple sugar, alcohol, some water and medicines takes place in stomach.
(ii) Maximum water absorption occurs in large intestine.
(iii) Small intestine is the major site of digestion and absorption of food.
(iv) Fatty acid and glycerol are absorbed by lacteals.
(v) Nothing is absorbed in mouth and large intestine.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is (b)

Question 8

Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of intestine by the process called as

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: BExplanation:The monosaccharides glucose and galactose are transported into the epithelial cells by common protein carriers via secondary active transport (that is, cotransport with sodium ions). The monosaccharide fructose (which is in fruit) is absorbed and transported by facilitated diffusion transport. Fructose diffuses through the mucosa cells of intestine by the process of facilitated diffusion. It uses an integral membrane proteins  known as hexose transporter GLUT - 2 to move polar or charged substances across the hydrophobic regions of the membrane.So, the correct answer is option B.

Question 9

The main function of lacteal in the human small intestine is the absorption of:

Accepted Answer

Lacteals are lymph vessels responsible for absorbing fat in the small intestine. Occurring in the finger-like villi of the ileum, lacteals have a milky appearance and drain into the lymphatic system. Before fat can pass into the lacteal, bile from the liver causes its emulsification into small droplets for action of the enzyme lipase.

Question 10

We eat food, which is composed of all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. After digestion, these are absorbed in the form of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, etc.
What mechanisms are involved in the absorption of digested food and water?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is a process in which the molecules intermingle due to their kinetic energy and movement of molecules is from higher concentration to lower concentration. Osmosis is a process in which the water molecules move from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Digested food can pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the small intestine through the process of diffusion and water present in the ingested food is absorbed by the process of osmosis.

Revise with Concepts

Absorption of Digested Food

Quick Summary With Stories

Assimilation of Food

How do substances like $C O_{2}$ and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss.

Name the organ which performs the following function in humans
(a) Absorption of digested food
(b) Absorption of water

Which one of the following statements is true regarding digestion and absorption of food in humans?

Select the correct match of the digested products in humans given in column I with their absorption site and mechanism in column II.
Column I Column II

The final product of digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are

Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of intestine by the process called as

The main function of lacteal in the human small intestine is the absorption of:

We eat food, which is composed of all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. After digestion, these are absorbed in the form of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, etc.
What mechanisms are involved in the absorption of digested food and water?

Revise with Concepts

Absorption of Digested Food

Quick Summary With Stories

Assimilation of Food

How do substances like CO2​ and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss.

Name the organ which performs the following function in humans (a) Absorption of digested food (b) Absorption of water

Which one of the following statements is true regarding digestion and absorption of food in humans?

Select the correct match of the digested products in humans given in column I with their absorption site and mechanism in column II. Column I Column II

The final product of digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are

Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of intestine by the process called as

The main function of lacteal in the human small intestine is the absorption of:

We eat food, which is composed of all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. After digestion, these are absorbed in the form of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, etc. What mechanisms are involved in the absorption of digested food and water?

How do substances like $C O_{2}$ and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss.

Name the organ which performs the following function in humans
(a) Absorption of digested food
(b) Absorption of water

Select the correct match of the digested products in humans given in column I with their absorption site and mechanism in column II.
Column I Column II

We eat food, which is composed of all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. After digestion, these are absorbed in the form of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, etc.
What mechanisms are involved in the absorption of digested food and water?