Question 1

Why are women employed in low paid work?

Accepted Answer

The women employed in low paid work because of the following reasons:A majority of women in the country are less educated than men, thus they are primarily working as unskilled labor and thus get fewer wages.They mainly work in the unorganized sector where they get low wages.Since most of the women are uneducated, they are unaware of their rights and about minimum wages.They are believed physically inferior to men thus believed to do less work, thus they are paid less.

Question 2

Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Accepted Answer

Yes, workers are exploited in the unorganized sector. This would be clear from the following points: The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People can be asked to leave without any reason. When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave. A lot also depends on the whims of the employer. &#10;&#10;&#10;&#10;&#10;&#10;

Question 3

What do you understand by 'people as a resource'?

Accepted Answer

'People as a resource' is a way of referring to a country's working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. As humans contribute to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), they are also considered as resources.

Question 4

What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? How is it measured?

Accepted Answer

The value of the final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. Thus, GDP is the sum value of the final goods and services of the three sectors (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary) produced within a country during a particular year. In India, the task of measuring GDP is undertaken by a Central Government Ministry. This ministry, with the help of various government departments of all the Indian states and union territories, collects information relating to total volume of goods and services and their prices and then estimates the GDP.

Question 5

Why is 'educated but unemployed', a peculiar problem of India?

Accepted Answer

In India, there is a large amount of graduate, the matric passes people who are unemployed especially in urban areas. Thus 'educated but unemployed' is a peculiar problem in India.In some field, there is a surplus of manpower whereas in certain areas there is a shortage of manpower.The reasons for this are as follow:There is unemployment among technically qualified person because their technical education is not up to industry standard thus there is a lack of skilled manpower.

Question 6

Mention the three main sectors of economic activities with examples.

Accepted Answer

Main Sectors :-(i) Primary Sector: It includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming and mining.(ii) Secondary Sector: Quarrying and manufacturing of goods.(iii) Tertiary Sector: Trade, transport, banks, health, education and all types of services.

Question 7

Explain unemployment. Mention the type of unemployment and explain any two in detail.

Accepted Answer

Unemployment means a situation when all able and willing persons of a country do not get suitable opportunities to work. Unemployment negatively impacts the economy of the country. This is because unemployment creates a feeling of hopelessness and depression among unemployed people. Unemployment results in the wastage of human resource as people are not involved in any kind of productive activities. This makes them a liability for the nation.Generally, any person who is not gainfully employed in any productive activity is called unemployed. Unemployment may be frictional unemployment, structural unemployment, cyclical unemployment, and voluntary and involuntary unemployment.Broadly, unemployment in India can be classified into two groups. They are:i. Rural unemployment: Seasonal unemployment, disguised unemployment, and chronic unemployment.ii. Urban unemployment: Industrial unemployment and educated unemployment.Seasonal unemployment: Because of the absence of proper irrigation facilities and subsidiary employment opportunities in rural areas, multiple cropping is not possible in most of the rural areas. Hence, these farmers remain idle for about 5 to 7 months in a year. This situation is called seasonal unemployment. In 195051, the gross irrigated area as a percentage of the gross cropped area was only 17.11%. It has been increased to 35.64% in 199293 and yet more than 25% of cultivable land has multiple cropping. It implies that farmers cultivating approximately 75% of land remain involuntarily unemployed for a substantial part of the cropping pattern.Disguised unemployment: This problem arises because of the excessive pressure of population on Indian agriculture. In the family farming method which is prevalent in India, each family member shares the farm-work and gets a share of the total farm-product. Here, individual family members may think that they engaged in gainful work though may not be contributing anything to the total product. Thus, even if they are withdrawn from cultivation work, the total farm output would remain unchanged. This feature is known as disguised unemployment in rural India.

Question 8

Explain different types of unemployment found in India.

Accepted Answer

Types of unemployment found in India are:(i) Disguised unemployment: In disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed while actually they are not adding to the productivity. This usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity.(ii) Seasonal unemployment: Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. Agriculture in India is not a full time occupation. It is seasonal. This type of unemployment is usually found in agriculture.(iii) Educated unemployment: It has become a common phenomenon in urban areas. Many youth with matriculation, graduation and post graduation degrees are not able to find jobs. A study showed that unemployment of graduates and post graduates has increased faster than among matriculate youths.

Question 9

What  is  the  difference  between  disguised  unemployment  and  seasonal unemployment?

Accepted Answer

Disguised unemploymentSeasonal unemployment  In this case, the people seem to be employed but are actually unemployed Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are unable to find a job in certain months of the year. Ex: Sometime in agriculture family, 5 people are working but only 3 people are needed to work on that farm. In that case, 2 people become surplus and are not needed on the farm. They also do not help in increasing productivity.Ex: People related to framing sector are busy during harvesting, wedding, trashing, etc. are done bu during another season when plant grow they have nothing to do.These extra person working in some sector causes disguised unemploymentIn the above case during plant growth season the people are unemployed. This is known as Seasonal unemployment.

Question 10

Unemployment tends to increase economic overload. Explain

Accepted Answer

(i) Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource. People who are an asset for the economy turn into a liability. There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth. People do not have enough money to support their family. Inability of educated people who are willing to work to find gainful employment implies a great social waste.(ii) Unemployment tends to increase economic overload. The dependence of unemployed on the working population increase. The quality of life of an individual as well as of society is adversely affected.(iii) Unemployment has detrimetnal impact on the overall growth of an economy. Increase in unemployment is and indicator of a depressed economy. It also wastes the resource, which could have been gainfully employed. If people cannot be used as a resource they naturally appear as a liability to the economy.(iv) The unemployed youth may turn to anti-social activities like cheating, thefts, murders, terrorism etc.(v) The quality of life of an individual as well as of society gets adversely affected which eventually leads to decline in health status and rising withdrawal from the school system.