Question 1

Explain giving reasons(a) Balanced diet is necessary for maintaining healthy body.(b) Health of an organism depends upon the surrounding environmental conditions.(c) Our surrounding area should be free of stagnant water.(d) Social harmony and good economic conditions are necessary for good health.

Accepted Answer

(a) Food is necessary for the growth and development of the body. A balanced diet provides all the required raw materials and energy in appropriate amount likes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, etc.(b) Health is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially and these conditions depend on the surrounding environmental conditions. For example, if there are unhygienic conditions in surrounding area, it is likely we might get infected or diseased.(c) Our surrounding area should be free of stagnant water. This is so because many waterborne diseases and insect vectors flourish in stagnant water which causes diseases in human beings.(d) Human beings live in societies and different localities like villages or cities, which determines the social and physical environment and hence both are to be kept in harmony. Public cleanliness is important for individual health. For better living conditions lot of money is required. We need good food for healthy body and for this we have to earn more. For the treatment of diseases also, one has to be in good economic condition.

Question 2

Which one of the following is not a viral disease?

Accepted Answer

Dengue fever is caused by any one of four dengue viruses spread by mosquitoes that thrive in and near human lodgings.AIDS is caused by the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Influenza is caused by the influenza virus. Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi, which is a bacteria.

Question 3

Differentiate between chronic disease and acute disease.

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseaseAcute diseaseIt lasts for long period of time.It lasts for short period of time.It develops over a period of time.It develops suddenly and symptoms are intense.Examples include cancer, heart disease, tuberculosis, arthritis, diabetes. Examples include cold, influenza, cholera, Typhoid, cough. They cause severe long term effects.It does not cause long term or ill effects.

Question 4

Classify the following diseases as infectious or non-infectious.(i)AIDS (ii) Tuberculosis (iii) Cholera (iv)High blood pressure (v) Heart disease (vi) Pneumonia (vii) Cancer

Accepted Answer

(i) Infectious (ii) Infectious (iii) Infectious (iv) Non-infectious (v) Non-infectious (vi) Infectious (vii) Non-infectious

Question 5

Differentiate between infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Accepted Answer

Infectious diseasesNon-infectious diseases These occur due to external (extrinsic) factors.These generally occur due to internal (intrinsic) factors.These are cause by the attack of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, worms)These are caused by factors other than living pathogens. Infection is transmitted through direct contact (physical contact, sexual contact) or through medium (air, water, food, insects etc.)Infection is not transmitted through direct contact or through medium except in medium hereditary diseases where it occurs from parent offspring.

Question 6

Which one of the following sets includes the bacterial diseases?

Accepted Answer

Cholera is a bacteria infection caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae. Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. Mumps is a viral disease caused by the mumps virus. Tetanus is bacteria infection caused by Clostridium tetani. Tuberculosis is caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Measles is caused by virus paramyxovirus. Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasite. Poliomyelitis is infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Diphtheria is an infection caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacterium. Leprosy is caused by bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. Plague is a bacterial infection caused by bacterial strain Yersinia pestis. Thus, the correct answer is 'Diphtheria, Leprosy, Plague.'

Question 7

You are aware of polio eradication programme in your city. Children are vaccinated because

Accepted Answer

The vaccine contains weakened or killed microbe, its toxin or one of its surface proteins. It provides the individual active acquired immunity. For example, if a child is given polio vaccine then that child will be immune to polio disease as it will activate the immune response and lead to the production of antibody and even the memory cells gets prepared against the attack. So, the correct answer is option C.

Question 8

AIDS cannot be transmitted by

Accepted Answer

AIDS is a viral disease transmitted through certain body fluids such as semen, saliva, blood, the breast milk of an AIDS-infected person by sexual contact, breastfeeding from an HIV-infected mother can transmit AIDS to the baby and by blood transfusion. During a hug, nobody fluid is entered into the body from one person to another. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Question 9

What precautions would you take to justify &#34;Prevention is better than cure&#34;?

Accepted Answer

Prevention is always better than cure as a disease always causes some &#10;damage to the body, loss of working days, besides expenditure on &#10;medication. The important precautions for preventing diseases are (i) Hygienic environment (ii) Personal hygiene (iii) Proper nutrition(iv)&#10; Clean food (v) Clean water (vi) Regular exercise and (vii) Relaxation. &#10;Every body should also be aware of diseases and their spread. A regular &#10;medical check up is also required. Diseases which are transmitted from, &#10;one individual to another directly or indirectly are called infectious &#10;diseases. Such diseases are acquired, not inherited. If we prevent &#10;the entry of the diseases causing pathogens into our body, then we can &#10;prevent the disease from occurring instead of curing the disease after &#10;suffering from it.

Question 10

Which among the following diseases is not sexually transmitted ?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis is the infection which results in the inflammation of the liver. Generally, the hepatitis virus is the reason for this condition. This disease is not transmitted sexually. Syphilis, HIV-AIDS and Gonorrhea are the sexually transmitted diseases which get transferred from the infected person during intercourse. Thus, the correct answer is option B.