Question 1

Given below are statements about the harmful effects of weeds on crop plants.(i) They interfere while harvesting.(ii) They help crop plants grow healthily.(iii) They compete with crop plants for water, nutrients, space, and light.(iv) They affect plant growth.Choose the correct statements from above.

Accepted Answer

Harmful effects of weeds on crop of plant are as follows:They interfere in harvesting.They compete with crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light.They affect plant growth.Presence of weeds increases the cost of agriculture and hinders the progress of work.It increases the irrigation requirement.They reduce the value of produce or otherwise adds the cost of cleaning.Some weeds when eaten (Cleome viscosa) by milch animals will produce an undesirable odour in the milk. At times death/disorder/deformity may occur.  For example, Datura stramonium.The fruits and seeds of Xanthium strumarium and Achyranthes aspera entangle with wool which fetch lower prices.They harbour insect pests, pathogens and parasites.They reduce the value of the land.Presence of weeds will impair the purity of varieties by chance of cross pollination.Weeds cause health hazards to man and animals.Weeds cause allelopathic effect.Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Question 2

What are the advantages of ploughing?

Accepted Answer

A plough is a tool or farm implement used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by working animals such as oxen and horses, but in modern times are mostly drawn by tractors. The process of loosening the soil for cultivation is called ploughing. The primary purpose of ploughing is to turn over the upper layer of the soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface, while burying weeds and the remains of previous crops and allowing them to break down. The advantages of ploughing are:Loosening of soil can improve air circulation.The roots can penetrate deeper into the soil, thus holding the plant firmly.Ploughing enhances the water retention capacity of the soil.Ploughing uproots the weeds growing in the field and aids in the growth of useful microbes.

Question 3

Give different steps of agricultural practices in sequence.

Accepted Answer

The measures that are taken to grow crops are called agricultural practices. Steps of agricultural practices are:1. Soil preparation: The soil is plowed, leveled and manured before sowing the seeds.2. Sowing: Seeds of good quality are sowed or dispersed in the soil.3. Manuring: The nutrients are provided to the seeds at regular intervals. Manure is the decomposition product of plant and animal wastes. 4. Irrigation: The water is provided at regular intervals.5. Weeding: Weeds or unwanted plants are removed using weedicides or removing them manually.6. Harvesting: After the crop is fully grown, it is  cut and gathered. This process is called as harvesting. 7. Storage: The harvested crop is then stored for further use or marketing.

Question 4

Weeds affect the crop plants by

Accepted Answer

Weeds are unwanted plants in the cultivated field. They compete with the crop plants for food, space and light. They take up the nutrients and reduce the growth of the  crop.

Question 5

The process of loosening and turning of soil is called:

Accepted Answer

The process of loosening and turning of soil is called tilling or ploughing. This is done by using a plough, hoe, or cultivator.The soil is loosened to increase the absorption of water and manures.It improves soil quality by increasing aeration. It controls the weeds. Therefore, option C is correct.

Question 6

Which are different festivals related to farming celebrated in different seasons? Find out more about anyone of such festivals and write in your notebook. The name of the festivals in which season it is celebrated, in which states of India, what special food are made, is it celebrated only at home with the family, or together with many people.

Accepted Answer

The different festivals related to farming that are celebrated in the different season are Basant Panchami, Holi, Lohri, Baisakhi etc.Basant Panchami: It is celebrated in the spring season. It is celebrated mainly in Punjab, Haryana, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh. In this festival the special food that is prepared is yellow rice, kheer, sweet rotis etc. It is celebrated by the people of different families together.

Question 7

Which of the following tools would a farmer use to remove weeds from the field?

Accepted Answer

Weeds are unwanted, unattractive and troublesome plants. Hoe is used to slice weeds by skimming it just under the soil surface using a sweeping motionThe plough is used to loosen and aerate the soil leaving crop residue at the top of the soil. Axe is used to cut perennial, woody plants to harvest wood for various purposes. Cultivators are used to breaking large clods of soil. Therefore, option A is correct.

Question 8

Which of the following animals are used for making compost?

Accepted Answer

Earthworms are nature's ultimate composting worm and used majorly in vermicomposting. Earthworms are easy to care for, reproduce quickly, tolerate a wide range of temperatures, and can eat huge amounts of organic waste. For these reasons, the earthworm is the worm most often recommended for vermicomposting.So, the answer is A.

Question 9

Give two examples of each:(a) Kharif crop(b) Rabi crop

Accepted Answer

Depending upon their growing season, Indian crops are classified as Rabi and Kharif crops. a) The crops, sown at the beginning of rainy season (June-July), are known as Kharif crops or summer season crops. Examples- rice, groundnut. b) The crops which are sown in the beginning of winter (October-November) are known as Rabi or winter season crops. Examples- wheat, gram.

Question 10

Seed drill is used for sowing with the help of ________________

Accepted Answer

Nowadays the seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractors. This tool sows the seeds uniformly at proper distances and depths. It ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing. This prevents damage caused by birds. Sowing by using a seed drill saves time and labor.Therefore, the correct answer is option A.