Q: How was the Civil Disobedience Movement different from the Non-Cooperation Movement?

Non- Cooperation Movement Civil Disobedience Movement It was launched in 1920s. It was launched in 1930s.The Non-Cooperation Movement sought to bring the working of the government to a standstill by not cooperating with the administration.The Civil Disobedience Movement was an attempt at paralysing the administration by breaking some specific rules & regulations.There were no tax campaigns in this movement.It involved non- payment of taxes & land-revenue as well as violation of laws.Many leaders renounced their titles & left their government jobs.It involved defiance of salt laws, boycott of liquor, foreign cloth & British goods of all kinds.It was not violent until the Chauri Chaura incident took place.The movement became violent in a matter of time.

Q: Why did Mahatma Gandhi Launch the 'Non-Cooperation Movement'?How did this movement unite the country? Explain.

Gandhiji launched the Non-cooperation movement of \$1921\$ because: According to Gandhiji, the British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and had survived only because of this cooperation. So the time has arrived to withdraw cooperation from the British. First World War added to the misery of the Indian people. Heavy taxes, high prices, famines, and epidemics made people's life miserable. Rowlatt Act invited large scale protests throughout the country. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and the injustice done to Punjab made Indians angry which needed to be avenged.To restore the status of the ruler of Turkey. To bring Swaraj or Self Rule to India. In this way, the reasons for launching the non-cooperation movement were all-inclusive, and it because of this that the movement united everyone in the country.

Question 1

Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act, 1919? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Gandhiji decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act, 1919, because1) It gave enormous power to the government and no power to the leaders.2) This law was hurriedly passed even after the united opposition by the Indians and other Indian leaders.3) It allowed the detention of political leaders without any trial for three years.4) It means that the British Government can arrest any Indian leader without any proof of crime.

Question 2

Write a short note on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Accepted Answer

On 10th April 1919, two nationalist leaders- Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr Satya Pal were arrested in Punjab under the infamous Rowlatt Act. On 13th April 1919, people gathered in a small park in Amritsar which was called the Jalllianwala Bagh, to protest against these arrests. The peaceful gathering was attended by men, women and children. General Dyer, a British military officer, stationed a regiment of soldiers at the only entrance of the park, declared the meeting illegal and without warning ordered his soldiers to fire. The firing lasted for ten minutes, till all the ammunition was exhausted. More than a thousand people were killed and over twice that number wounded. The massacre was worth calling genocide and it stunned the entire country. On 30th May 1919, Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood. Gandhi returned the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold medal given to him for his work during Boer War.

Question 3

How was the Civil Disobedience Movement different from the Non-Cooperation Movement?

Accepted Answer

Non- Cooperation Movement  Civil&#10;Disobedience Movement It was launched in 1920s. It was launched in 1930s.The Non-Cooperation Movement sought to bring the working of the government to a standstill by not cooperating with the administration.The Civil Disobedience Movement was an attempt at paralysing the administration by breaking some specific rules & regulations.There were no tax campaigns in this movement.It involved non- payment of taxes & land-revenue as well as violation of laws.Many leaders renounced their titles & left their government jobs.It involved defiance of salt laws, boycott of liquor, foreign cloth & British goods of all kinds.It was not violent until the Chauri Chaura incident took place.The movement became violent in a matter of time.

Question 4

Why did Mahatma Gandhi Launch the 'Non-Cooperation Movement'?How did this movement unite the country? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Gandhiji launched the Non-cooperation movement of $1921$ because: According to Gandhiji, the British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and had survived only because of this cooperation. So the time has arrived to withdraw cooperation from the British. First World War added to the misery of the Indian people. Heavy taxes, high prices, famines, and epidemics made people's life miserable. Rowlatt Act invited large scale protests throughout the country. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and the injustice done to Punjab made Indians angry which needed to be avenged.To restore the status of the ruler of Turkey. To bring Swaraj or Self Rule to India. In this way, the reasons for launching the non-cooperation movement were all-inclusive, and it because of this that the movement united everyone in the country.

Question 5

What economic impact did the First World War have on India?

Accepted Answer

The First World War had the following economic impact on India: (i) In order to meet a huge rise in defense expenditure, the government increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits. (ii) Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which created great difficulties for the common people. (iii) The war created a demand for industrial goods like jute bags, cloth, rail, etc. and caused a decline in imports from other countries into India. (iv) Indian industries expanded during the war and Indian business groups began to demand greater opportunities for development. (v) Business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war.

Question 6

Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?

Accepted Answer

In the first twenty years of its existence, the Congress was &#8220;moderate&#8221; in its objectives and methods. The Congress leaders of this period were called the Moderates. They proposed to struggle against British rule in non-violent manner which the radicals called &#8220;politics of petitions&#8221;

Question 7

Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?

Accepted Answer

Gandhiji choose to break the salt law because in his view, it was sinful to tax salt since it is such as essential item of our food that is used by the rich or the poor person in the same quantity.

Question 8

Two features- A and B are marked in the given political outline map of &#10;India. Identify these features with the help of the following &#10;information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the &#10;map:A. The place, where the Indian National Congress Session was held in 1927.

Accepted Answer

The Indian National Congress (INC) held its annual session of 1927 in Madras (Chennai). The session was a milestone in the history of Independence movement as it passed a resolution for the boycott of the Simon Commission. It also passed a resolution against the use of the Indian troops in China, Mesopotamia and Persia.

Question 9

Two features (i) and (ii) are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines market near them:(a) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in 1927.(b) The place where Gandhiji organized &#8216;Satyagraha&#8217; in favour of cotton mill workers in 1918.

Accepted Answer

Question 10

Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?

Accepted Answer

Indian National Congress wished to speak for all the people of India, irrespective of class, color, caste, creed, language, or gender. It stated that India, its resources and systems were not of any one class or community of India, but of all the different communities of India.