Q: How was the Civil Disobedience Movement different from the Non-Cooperation Movement?

Non- Cooperation Movement Civil Disobedience Movement It was launched in 1920s. It was launched in 1930s.The Non-Cooperation Movement sought to bring the working of the government to a standstill by not cooperating with the administration.The Civil Disobedience Movement was an attempt at paralysing the administration by breaking some specific rules & regulations.There were no tax campaigns in this movement.It involved non- payment of taxes & land-revenue as well as violation of laws.Many leaders renounced their titles & left their government jobs.It involved defiance of salt laws, boycott of liquor, foreign cloth & British goods of all kinds.It was not violent until the Chauri Chaura incident took place.The movement became violent in a matter of time.

Q: Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on

The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the Second Round Table Conference in London.The following were the proposed conditions:Stopping of the civil disobedience movement by the Indian National Congress.Participation of Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference. Withdrawal of all laws issued by the British Government forcing checks on the exercises of the Indian National Congress.A release of prisoners arrested during Civil Disobedience Movement.Permit the free collection or manufacture of salt by persons near the seacoast.

Q: Who said these words, "There is enough for everybody's need and not for everybody's greed"?

"There is enough for everybody's need and not for everybody's greed". Mahatma Gandhi said that Mother Nature has provided resources that are sufficient for everyone but people because of their greedy nature are trying to keep a lot more than what is required for themselves creating socio-economic disparities. He also meant that if resources are shared equally, no person would go hungry or thirsty.

Question 1

How was the Civil Disobedience Movement different from the Non-Cooperation Movement?

Accepted Answer

Non- Cooperation Movement  Civil&#10;Disobedience Movement It was launched in 1920s. It was launched in 1930s.The Non-Cooperation Movement sought to bring the working of the government to a standstill by not cooperating with the administration.The Civil Disobedience Movement was an attempt at paralysing the administration by breaking some specific rules & regulations.There were no tax campaigns in this movement.It involved non- payment of taxes & land-revenue as well as violation of laws.Many leaders renounced their titles & left their government jobs.It involved defiance of salt laws, boycott of liquor, foreign cloth & British goods of all kinds.It was not violent until the Chauri Chaura incident took place.The movement became violent in a matter of time.

Question 2

Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?

Accepted Answer

Gandhiji choose to break the salt law because in his view, it was sinful to tax salt since it is such as essential item of our food that is used by the rich or the poor person in the same quantity.

Question 3

Why did Mahatma Gandhi start the 'Civil Disobedience Movement'? How did this movement unite the country? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The Civil Disobedience Movement led by M.K. Gandhi, in the year 1930 was an important milestone in the history of Indian Nationalism.$1$. Economic depression on Indian economy : a. Agricultural prices began to fall and collapsed in $1930$. b. Demand for agricultural goods declined. c. It became difficult for the peasants to sell their harvest and pay revenue. d. The entire country was in crisis.e. It helped in reshaping the national movement. $2$. Failure of the Simon commission : a. The British appointed Simon Commission in $1927$ . It was to examine the functioning of the constitutional system in India.b. The main pupose was to determine India's fitness for self governemnt. Activate Windows Settings to activate Wi c. Since the Commission did not have a single Indian member it was seen as an insult to the self respect of Indians. d. Leaders boycotted the commission and greeted it with Black flags and slogans Simon go back'. e. British retaliated in a brutal manner, with lathi charge in which Lala Lajpat Rai was fatally wounded $3$. Oppressive salt laws : a. To wage a struggle against the oppressive British policies and laws, Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands on $31^st$ January $1930$. These demands represented the general interests and which all the classes identified with. b. The most important demand was to abolish salt tax. c. Since salt was consumed by rich and poor alike and was one of the most essential food items. The salt tax levied by the government revealed the most oppressive side of the colonial. rule. d. Salt was seen by Mahatma Gandhi as a powerful symbol that could unite masses. e. The eleven demands served as an ultimatum to the government failing to fulfill which he would resort to his agenda of swaraj. , These demands represented the general interests and which all the classes identified with.The most important demand was to abolish salt tax. f. The colonial government failed to concede to the demands, g. Hereby, Gandhi chose to break the salt law peacefully and show resistance to the British rule. This instigated the Civil disobedience movement and the salt march to Dandi. The following were the main features of the Civil Disobedience movement: a) The people refused to obey unjust laws. Gandhi led the Dandi March and broke the unjust salt tax law as a challenge to the British Government. b) Foreign cloth was boycotted and liquor shops were picketed. Peasants refused to pay revenue and taxes. People also broke the forest laws. c) Schools, colleges and government offices and institutions were boycotted. d) There was large- scale arrest of people and leaders who participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Question 4

Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on

Accepted Answer

The Gandhi&#8211;Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the Second Round Table Conference in London.The following were the proposed conditions:Stopping of the civil disobedience movement by the Indian National Congress.Participation of Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference. Withdrawal of all laws issued by the British Government forcing checks on the exercises of the Indian National Congress.A release of prisoners arrested during Civil Disobedience Movement.Permit the free collection or manufacture of salt by persons near the seacoast.

Question 5

Evaluate the role of business classes in the 'Civil Disobedience Movement'.

Accepted Answer

The business class in India initially supported the Civil Disobedience Movement. This was because the industrialists and merchants in India had become rich during the First World War. They were keen on expanding their businesses and wanted protection against foreign industries. Many eminent industrialists such as Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G. D. Birla criticised the colonial government for its control over the Indian economy which prevented their growth. They provided financial assistance during the movement, and refused to buy and sell imported goods. Many industrialists began to see swaraj as a time when colonial restrictions on business will end. However, towards the end, they became apprehensive of the growing influence of socialism among the younger members of the Congress.

Question 6

Why was Congress reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation? How did women participate in Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Gandhiji was convinced that it was the duty of women to look after the home, be good mothers and good wives. And for a long time,&#10; the Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of &#10;authority within the organization. It was keen only on their symbolic &#10;presence.Women participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail.In urban areas, these women were from high-caste families whereas in rural areas, they came from rich peasant households. Moved by Gandhiji&#8217;s call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women. Yet, this increased public role did not necessarily mean any radical change in the way the position of women was visualized.

Question 7

Who said these words, &#34;There is enough for everybody's need and not for everybody's greed&#34;?

Accepted Answer

&#34;There is enough for everybody's need and not for everybody's greed&#34;. Mahatma Gandhi said that Mother Nature has provided resources that are sufficient for everyone but people because of their greedy nature are trying to keep a lot more than what is required for themselves creating socio-economic disparities. He also meant that if resources are shared equally, no person would go hungry or thirsty.

Question 8

"Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement". Examine the statement.

Accepted Answer

The abstract concept of Swaraj did not move the nation's 'untouchables,' who from around the 1930's had begun to call themselves Dalit or oppressed. For long the Congress had ignored the Dalits, for fear of offending the sanatanis, the conservative high-caste Hindus. Gandhiji persuaded the upper castes to change their hearts. He himself cleaned toilets to dignify the work of the bhangi (the sweepers). He called the &#8216;untouchables&#8217; Harijan, organized satyagraha to secure them entry into temples, and access to public wells, tanks, roads and schools. But many Dalit leaders were keen on a different political solution. Political empowerment, they believed, would resolve the problems of their social disabilities. They began organising themselves, demanding reserved seats in educational institutions, and a separate electorate that would choose Dalit members for legislative councils.

Question 9

Civil Disobedience Movement was led in the North-West Frontier Province by ____________.

Accepted Answer

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is the person who led Civil Disobedience Movement in North-West frontier province.  He was the most loyal follower of Gandhi and was called Frontier Gandhi. He began a satyagraha at Peshawar on 23 April 1930.

Question 10

Who gave the 'two-nation' theory ?

Accepted Answer

The two nation theory was given by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Two nation theory is the basis of creation of Pakistan. It states that Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations from every definition, therefore Muslims should have a separate homeland in the Muslims majority areas of India , where they can spend their lives according to the glorious teachings of Islam.

Revise with Concepts

Freedom Struggle (1930-1940)

Quick Summary With Stories

Dandi March

Poona Pact