Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function:1. Thyroid2. Pituitary 3. Pancreas

Thyroid: Thyroxin hormone is secreted; regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism so as to provide best balance for growth.Pituitary: Human Growth Hormone, Regulates growth and development, deficiency leads to dwarfism, gigantism if excessive production takes place.Pancreas: Secretes insulin, regulates blood sugar levels.

Which of the following is not present in pancreatic juice?

Pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas, which contains a variety of enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase and amylase. Pepsin in not present in pancreatic juice. It is secreted by the peptic cells of the stomach.

Select the incorrect statement

LH is a Luteinizing hormone produced by the gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It plays an important role in puberty, menstruation, and fertility. It triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In male, LH triggers the secretion of androgen called as testosterone from the Leydig cells. FSH is follicle-stimulating hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It helps in regulation of development, growth, pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the body. It stimulates the Sertoli cells of the testicles and helps in spermatogenesis, production of sperm. During the follicular phase, the LH and FSH increase gradually. They stimulate follicular development and estrogen secretion by follicular cells.Thus, the correct answer is 'LH and FSH decrease gradually during the follicular phase.'

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?

Correct Option: AExplanation:Aldosterone is secreted from the adrenal cortex. The main function of aldosterone is to serve as a stimulant of the renal absorption of sodium ions and water. This leads to the increment of the blood volume. When the aldosterone level is reduced, it helps to increase the sodium secretion by Distal Convoluted Tubules.

Match the following hormones with the respective disease.(a) Insulin(i) Addison's disease(b) Thyroxin(ii) Diabetes insipidus(c ) Corticoids(iii) Acromegaly(d) Growth Hormone(iv) Goitre(v) Diabetes mellitusSelect the correct option.

∙∙ Insulin deficiency leads to diabetes mellitus∙∙ Hypersecretion or hyposecretion of thyroxine can be associated with enlargement of thyroid gland called goitre.∙∙ Deficiency of corticoids (Glucocorticoid ++ mineralocorticoid) leads to Addison's disease∙∙ Growth hormone hypersecretion in adults leads to Acromegaly.So, the correct answer is '(a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)'

What is meant by control and co-ordination?

Control is the power of restraining and regulation by which something can be started, slowed down or stopped. Co-ordination is the working together of various agents of the body of an organism in a proper manner to produce an appropriate reaction to a stimulus is called coordination. For example, the nervous system and endocrine system act in a coordinated manner for the proper regulation of body activities.

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by anterior pituitary?

Hypothalamus secretes oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin) that is stored and released by neurohypophysis. Therefore, it is not secreted by anterior pituitary.So, the correct answer is 'Oxytocin'

Which is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body. It is located in the neck, below the larynx, and in front of the trachea.It secretes thyroid hormone, which regulates important metabolic processes connected to our heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels.So, the correct answer is option A.

The posterior lobe of pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because:

Oxytocin and vasopressin hormones are produced by the hypothalamus but stored and are released into the bloodstream via the posterior pituitary. That's the reason why it is not a true endocrine gland. Endocrine glands are the ductless glands that secrete and release hormones in the blood directly. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency : -

Gigantism is a rare condition of accelerated growth and increased height as a result of too much growth hormone secretion during childhood or adolescence. It is almost always the result of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumour. Congenital hypothyroidism (under activity of the thyroid gland at birth), which results in growth retardation, developmental delay, and other abnormal features. Cretinism can be due to a deficiency of iodine in the mother's diet during pregnancy.Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction) and several other symptoms.Diabetes mellitus occurs due to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency and subsequent high blood glucose levels. Diabetes Insipidus, on the other hand, develops as a result of the stilted production of a hormone in the brain, which is released to stop the kidneys producing so much urine in order to retain water.So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid hormone Tetany'.

Adrenal Glands | Definition, Examples, Diagrams

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Hormones secreted by adrenal cortex

Hormones secreted by adrenal cortex are as follows:

Mineralocorticosteroids (aldosterone): Regulates plasma, sodium and potassium concentrations
Glucocorticosteroids (cortisol, corticosterone): Regulates carbohydrate, protein and lipid mechanism.
Sex corticoids (adrenal androgens): Stimulates development of external sex characters in males.

definition

Cortex hormones

These are produced by cortex of the adrenal glands. Their production is controlled by the hormone of anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
eg. aldosterone, cortisone, corticosterone and aldosterone.

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Adrenal cortex hormones

The adrenal cortex produces three hormones:
Mineralocorticoids: the most important of which is aldosterone
Glucocorticoids: predominantly cortisol
Adrenal androgens: male sex hormones mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone

definition

Types of adrenal cortex hormones

The adrenal cortex produces three hormones:
Mineralocorticoids: the most important of which is aldosterone. This hormone helps to maintain the bodys salt and water levels which, in turn, regulates blood pressure. Without aldosterone, the kidney loses excessive amounts of salt (sodium) and, consequently, water, leading to severe dehydration.
Glucocorticoids: predominantly cortisol. This hormone is involved in the stress response and also helps to regulate body metabolism. Cortisol stimulates glucose production by mobilising amino acids and free fatty acids. Cortisol also has significant anti-inflammatory effects.
Adrenal androgens: male sex hormones mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone. All have weak effects, but play a role in early development of the male sex organs in childhood, and in women during puberty. These are involved in creating and maintaining the differences between men and women.

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Adrenal gland- Origin and location

The Adrenal glands present on the kidneys, secrete various hormones which control several critical processes in the body. It has 2 parts the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
Origin

The Adrenal cortex develops from intermediate mesoderm while the Adrenal medulla develops from the ectoderm of the embryo.

Location

One pair of adrenal glands is present in the body. One adrenal gland is located at the anterior part of each kidney.

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Adrenal gland- Detailed structure

The adrenal gland is a small triangular-shaped gland located on top of each kidney. The gland is made of two types of tissues; The adrenal cortex (outer tissue) and the adrenal medulla (central tissue).
Adrenal Cortex is divided into three layers

Zona reticularis (innermost layer)
Zona fasciculata (middle layer)
Zona glomerulosa (outer layer)
The adrenal cortex region is controlled by the pituitary gland
It produces the corticosteroid hormones also called the corticoids and the androgens (male sex hormones)

Adrenal medulla

It is an integral part of the autonomous nervous system
The medulla is made of chromaffin cells that synthesize and secrete the catecholamines.
The chromaffin cells have the ability to convert the amino acid tyrosine to catecholamines.

definition

Hormones of the Adrenal gland

The adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla regions of the kidneys secrete several hormones that have a wide range functions in the body.
Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex

The hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called the corticoids
Two types of corticoids are produced; Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids.
Mineralocorticoids regulate water and electrolyte balance.
Glucocorticoids regulate the carbohydrate metabolism.
Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex.
Aldosterone acts by stimulating the reabsorption of water and sodium and also causes excretion of potassium and phosphate ions.
Cortisol, cortisone and corticosterone are the glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex.
Glucocorticoids control the blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis.
Cortisol also has anti-inflammatory activity and has the ability to suppress the immune response.
Androgens are also produced by the adrenal cortex and they are responsible for the growth of facial hair, pubic hair etc.,

Hormones of the Adrenal medulla

The medulla produces the catecholamines which include the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
These are released under stress conditions and are called the emergency hormones or hormones of fight or flight.
Both the hormones stimulate glycogenolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis.
They increase the heartbeat and rate of respiration

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Function of adrenaline

The adrenal medulla produces the catecholamines which include the hormones adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
1. These are released under stress conditions and are called the emergency hormones or hormones of fight or flight.
2. Adrenaline stimulates glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and proteolysis.
3. It increases the heartbeat and rate of respiration
4. Increases blood supply to muscles.
5. Releases more glucose into the blood from the liver

definition

Adrenal cortex

Zona reticularis (innermost layer)
Zona fasciculata (middle layer)
Zona glomerulosa (outer layer)
The adrenal cortex region is controlled by the pituitary gland
It produces the corticosteroid hormones also called the corticoids and the androgens (male sex hormones)

definition

Hormones secreted by adrenal medulla

Hormones of the Adrenal medulla

The medulla produces the catecholamines which include the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
These are released under stress conditions and are called the emergency hormones or hormones of fight or flight.
Both the hormones stimulate glycogenolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis.
They increase the heartbeat and rate of respiration

(a) Insulin	(i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxin	(ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c ) Corticoids	(iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth Hormone	(iv) Goitre
	(v) Diabetes mellitus

definition

Hormones secreted by adrenal cortex

definition

Cortex hormones

definition

Adrenal cortex hormones

definition

Types of adrenal cortex hormones

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Adrenal gland- Origin and location

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Adrenal gland- Detailed structure

definition

Hormones of the Adrenal gland

definition

Function of adrenaline

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Adrenal cortex

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Hormones secreted by adrenal medulla

REVISE WITH CONCEPTS

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Pineal Gland

Pancreas

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Glands

Testes and Ovaries

Thymus Gland

Quick Summary With Stories

Adrenal Glands

Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function:1. Thyroid2. Pituitary 3. Pancreas

Which of the following is not present in pancreatic juice?

Select the incorrect statement

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?

Match the following hormones with the respective disease.(a) Insulin(i) Addison's disease(b) Thyroxin(ii) Diabetes insipidus(c ) Corticoids(iii) Acromegaly(d) Growth Hormone(iv) Goitre(v) Diabetes mellitusSelect the correct option.

What is meant by control and co-ordination?

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by anterior pituitary?

Which is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?

The posterior lobe of pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because:

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency : -

Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function:
1. Thyroid
2. Pituitary
3. Pancreas

Match the following hormones with the respective disease.
(a) Insulin (i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxin (ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c ) Corticoids (iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth Hormone (iv) Goitre

(v) Diabetes mellitus
Select the correct option.