Budding

Q: Explain budding in hydra with the help of labelled diagrams.

Organisms such as hydra use regenerative cells for reproduction in the process of budding. In hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at one specific site. These buds develop into tiny individuals and, when fully mature, detach from the parent body and become new independent individuals.

Q: Look at the diagram given:Answer the following:(i) Name the method of reproduction depicted here.(ii) Name an organism in which you find this method of reproduction.(iii) Does this method of reproduction favour variation?

(i) The given diagram shows binary fission which is a type of asexual reproduction. Here, an organism divides into two halves which later develop into two independent organisms.(ii) Amoeba shows binary fission. Paramecium is another example of an organism showing binary fission.(iii) No, this method of reproduction does not favour variation. Here, only a single organism is producing offspring which are identical genetically to themselves as well as the parent.

Q: Explain the process of fission in amoeba with diagram.

Asexual type of reproduction is found only in lower organisms. Lower organisms produce same young ones by this method which are also exactly similar to parents. In amoeba, the nucleus in the cell elongates and divide into two parts from the centre. After nuclear division, the cell membrane divides into two parts by constriction and along with this the cytoplasm also divides due to which two offsprings are produced from the parent amoeba which develops individually.

Q: What is regeneration? Describe the process of regeneration in Planaria.

Regeneration is the development of a complete organism from the parts of the body of the organism which are accidentally cut during an injury. This process is found in organism like-starfish, hydra, planaria etc.Regeneration in Planaria: Planaria have the ability to give rise to new individuals from their body parts. This process is called regeneration. If the body of Planaria is somehow cut or broken up into many pieces, each piece grows into a complete organism. Regeneration can take place from any part of the Planaria.

Q: How is the process of binary fission different in Amoeba and Leishmania?

In amoeba, splitting of the cell into two during cell divison can take place in any plane. Leishmania has a whip like structure at one end of the cell, hence binary fission occurs in a definite orientation in relation to this structure.

Q: What is tissue culture? What are its advantages?

Tissue culture is an artificial method of culturing plants. In this method, a small part of the plant is used to grow cells in a nutrient solution in the sterile condition of the laboratory. Tissue culture is a very fast technique.Advantages of Tissue CultureThe new plantlets can be grown in a short period of time. The new plantlets and plants are more likely to be free of viruses and diseases. The process can be performed throughout the year.

Q: What is budding? Explain the budding in Hydra by the help of diagram.

Budding is the asexual mode of reproduction. In budding, a genetically identical new organism grows attached to the body of parent Hydra and separates later on. In the process of budding, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at one specific site. This bud grows randomly and there is no specific order or direction they follow.

Q: Why does bread mould grow profusely on a moist slice of bread rather than on a dry slice of bread?

Bread mold grows profusely on a moist slice of bread rather than on a dry slice of bread because microorganisms need optimum temperature and moisture to grow and if there is no moisture they will not grow profusely. We can see during rainy season microorganisms are highly active and grow profusely as compared to winters and dry season because during rainy season moisture is present in the air which helps microorganisms to grow profusely.

Q: In Spirogyra, asexual reproduction takes place by:

Spirogyra reproduces asexually by fragmentation and sexually by conjugation. In the fragmentation method, Spirogyra breaks into two or more segments and each segment forms a new organism.

Q: Lila observed that a pond with clear water was covered up with green algae within a week. By which method of reproduction did the algae spread so rapidly?

Fragmentation is a kind of 'asexual reproduction'. In this process, the organism splits into two or more than two fragments. Each fragment grows into new individuals. The process occurs at a very fast pace.Thus, the correct answer is option (c),

Biology

definition

Budding

Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which there is a continuous regeneration of cells at one specific site on the body of an organism.
A bud grows as an outgrowth on that site.
When this bud matures it detaches from the parent body and grows into an independent individual.
For example, Hydra.