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Digestion in Stomach

Q: What is the function of digestive enzymes?

Digestive enzymes main function is to target a specific nutrient, splitting it up into a form that can eventually be absorbed by the body. The most significant digestive enzymes are: Amylase, Maltase, Lactase, Lipase and Protease.For example, Amylase breakdown carbohydrates into simple sugars. Maltase breakdown maltose into glucose. Lipases convert fats into fatty acids and glycerol. And Proteases convert proteins into amino acids.

Q: How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?

Answer:Fat digestion takes place in the small intestine. The alkaline secretion of the liver, bile, is carried to the small intestine by the bile duct. The process starts with emulsification (break down) of large fat globules by the salt of bile into smaller micelles to facilitate further enzymatic reaction and digestion process. The fat-digesting lipase enzyme in pancreatic juice and intestinal juices digest the fat in micelles into triacylglycerols and then fatty acids and glycerol. These fat digestion products are then absorbed by the intestinal mucosa and are carried to tissues by the lymphatic system and blood where they either serve as energy fuel or are stored after re-esterification.

Q: Bile juice contains no digestive enzymes, yet it is important for digestion. Why?

Bile is a digestive juice secreted by the liver. Although it does not contain any digestive enzymes, it plays an important role in the digestion of fats. Bile juice has bile salts such as bilirubin and biliverdin. These break down large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzymes can easily act on them. This process is known as emulsification of fats. Bile juice also makes the medium alkaline and activates lipase.

Q: What is the role of acid in our stomach?

Acid makes the medium in stomach acidic so as to facilitate the action of pepsin. It also kills germs that enter our stomach with food.

Q: Which of the following is not the function of large intestine?

\\(\textbf{Correct answer: B}\\) \\(\textbf{Option (A):}\\) \\(\bullet\\) The absorption of water is one of the chief functions of the large intestine. \\(\textbf{Option (B):}\\) \\(\bullet\\) Absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. \\(\bullet\\) The nutrients are absorbed through the villi of the small intestine. \\(\textbf{Option (C):}\\) \\(\bullet\\) There are mucus-secreting cells in the large intestine which lubricate the undigested food that comes from the small intestine to form the faeces. \\(\bullet\\) This also facilitates the easy movement of faeces through the large intestine. \\(\textbf{Option (D):}\\) \\(\bullet\\) The feces is temporarily stored in the rectum and with the voluntary reflex in the adults, it is removed through the anus. Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Q: What are the functions of gastric glands present in the wall of the stomach?

Gastric glands are present in the wall of the stomach which secrete gastric juice containing the digestive enzyme like pepsin, renin, mucus and HCl. The function of these enzymes are as follows:(a) Production of pepsin enzyme that digests proteins.(b) Secretion of mucus for the protection of inner lining of the stomach.(c) Secretion of HCl, which kills the bacteria and foreign harmful organisms in the food. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Q: The gastric juice contains

Gastric juice, thin, strongly acidic (pH varying from 1 to 3), almost colorless liquid secreted by the glands in the lining of the stomach. Its essential constituents are the digestive enzymes pepsin and rennin, hydrochloric acid, and mucus.So the correct option is 'pepsin, lipase, rennin'.

Q: Name any three glands associated with digestion in humans. Write the names of enzymes secreted by them.

The three glands associated with digestions in humans are 1) The mouth which consists salivary gland and secretes saliva2) Stomach which consists gastric glands which secrets Gastric Juices3) Liver and Pancreas which secretes- Bile juice and Pancreatic juices respectively.

Q: What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?

Answer-Salivary glands are present in the oral cavity that secrete saliva which is released into the mouth. Saliva contains bicarbonate and salivary amylase and serves to initiate the process of starch digestion into simple sugars by breaking the \\(\alpha\\)-1, 4- glycosidic linkage of starch to release oligosaccharides.

Q: Which of the following enzyme is not present in succus entericus?

\\(\textbf{Correct answer: C}\\) \\(\textbf{Option (A):}\\) \\(\bullet\\) The intestinal juice which is secreted by the epithelial lining of the small intestine is called succus entericus.\\(\textbf{Option (B):}\\) \\(\bullet\\) All the secretions from the different glands lining the walls of the small intestine form pale yellow secretions. It contains mucus which lubricates the epithelial structure. \\(\bullet\\) The bicarbonate present in it increases the acidic pH to an alkaline level.\\(\bullet\\) Lipase, maltase and nucleosidases are found in the succus entericus and secreted from the glandular cells of the small intestine. \\(\bullet\\) Lipase facilitates the digestion of lipid to fatty acids and glycerol.\\(\bullet\\) Maltase is responsible for converting maltose into glucose. \\(\textbf{Option (C):}\\) \\(\bullet\\) Nucleases which can digest the nucleic acid molecules are not found in the intestinal juice. \\(\bullet\\) This includes endonuclease and an exonuclease which are not found in the small intestine.\\(\textbf{Option (D):}\\) \\(\bullet\\) Nucleosidase helps in the digestion of nucleic acids. Hence, the correct answer is option (C).