Farming and Non-Farming Activities in Village

Q: What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages?

(i) Banks should provide loans at low interest rates so that the poor villagers can start some business to help them earn a living. (ii) Government should be more active and start effective employment generating schemes. (iii) Government should provide training to the villagers in different small crafts. (iv) Government should provide facilities for transportation and selling of locally manufactured goods of the villagers in the cities. (v) Industries can be set up in rural areas.

Q: Distinguish between traditional methods of farming and modern methods of farming

Difference between traditional methods of farming and modern methods of farming:Traditional Methods of FarmingModern Methods of Farming1. The outdated and old methods of farming used from earlier times are known as traditional methods of farming.1. New and scientific methods of farming which are used nowadays are known as modern methods of farming.2. These methods are time consuming and production is also low.2. There methods are quick, efficient and easy to used and lead to higher production in less time.3. Old methods like irrigating lands with the help of Persian wheels are used.3. Machinery like tractors and threshers are used.4. Traditional seeds are used.4. HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc. are used.5. Farmers are dependent on monsoon rain.5. Farmers are not dependent on monsoon rain as they have provision of tube wells for irrigation.6. Cow-dung and other natural manure are used as fertilisers.6. Chemical fertilisers are pesticides are used.7. Traditional farming methods do not require more inputs which are manufactured in industry.7. Modern farming methods required more inputs which are manufactured in industry.

Q: What are the non-farm production activities taking place in your region? Make a short list.

(i) Dairy is a common activity in many families of our region. (ii) Some people are involved in small scale manufacturing in their homes or in the field like production of jaggery by Mishrilal. (iii) A few people are involved as shopkeepers and traders who buy various goods from the wholesale market in the cities and sell them in the villages. (iv) Some people near the bus stand have opened shops selling eatables. (v) Some people are in the transportation sector ferrying people and carrying goods from one place to another in different types of vehicles. (vi) People like Kareem opened a computer class centre and also provided employment to two women who had a diploma in computer application.

Q: Describe the non-farm activities of production in village Palampur.

Farming is the main production activity in Palampur. However, non-farm production activities are also found there though at a small level.(i) Dairy. Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. People feed this buffaloes various kinds of grass and the jowar and bajra that grow during the rainy season. The milk is sold is Raiganj, the neary by village. There are collection cum chilling centres at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.(ii) Small scale manufacturing. Less than fifty people are engaged in manufacturing in Palampur. Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a small scale. They are carried out mostly at home or in the fields with the help of family labour.(iii) Shopkeeping. Very few people are engaged in trade in Palampur. The traders are shopkeepers who buy various goods from wholesale markets in cities and sell them in the village. There are small general stores in the village where a variety of household articles such as rice, wheat, sugar, tooth paste etc. are sold. One can also find open small shops selling eatables.(iv) Transport. People engaged in transport services are rickshawallahs, tongawallas, bus, jeep, tractor, truck drivers etc. They ferry people and goods from one place to another and in return get paid for it.

Q: Describe the geographical conditions for wheat farming.

Wheat is the 2nd most important food crop of India. It is the crop of temperate region. In India it is grown in winter. It is more dependent on climate than soil. The geographical condition required for Wheat Cultivation are mentioned below:- 1. Temperature: Wheat requires 14° to 18°C temperature. High temperature is harmful for the cultivation of wheat. 2. Rainfall: 50 cm to 100 cm rainfall is required for wheat cultivation. In the primary stage cold moisture rich climate and at the time of harvesting bright hot climate is required. 3. Soil: Fertile alluvial soil or mixed soil is ideal for wheat cultivation. 4. Land: Plain land or gentle slope is ideal for wheat cultivation.

Q: Write a short note on manufacturing a non-farming activity in village Palampur.

The non-farm activities of Palampur are dairy, small scale manufacturing and transport. Nearly 25% of the people engaged in non-farm activities. Non-farm activities are as follows: Dairy is the main non-farming activity of the people of Palampur. People have domesticated cows and buffaloes. The milk is sold to the people of Raiganj.Some people are also engaged in small manufacturing units like spinning, weaving, leather making etc. Labourers are generally not hired for small manufacturing units.Many shopkeepers have set up their own shops selling stationery items, toothpaste, candles etc. in the village. They buy various goods from the wholesalers in the towns.Many people of the village of Palampur are also engaged in driving tractors, jeeps, bullock carts, rickshaws and trucks. They mostly transport goods from one place to another.

Q: How are the farmers in village Palampur able to grow more crops on the same land?

The farmers of Palampur are able to grow more crops from the same land as: (i) They follow multiple cropping pattern. They grow at least two main crops. Many of them also grow vegetables as third crop. (ii) There is a well-developed system of irrigation in Palampur that enables the farmers to grow three different crops in a year. (iii) Electricity came early to Palampur. It has played a pivotal role in transformation of the irrigation system in village Palampur. Soon the old and existing Persian wheels were replaced by electric run tubewells which could irrigate much larger areas of land. (iv) Modem farming methods and Green Revolution introduced HYV seeds. (v) Effective use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and modern agricultural technologies resulted in better agricultural yield from same land in Palampur.

Q: What are the non-farm activities carried out in Palampur?

Dairy, small manufacturing, transport, shopkeeping etc. are the non-farm activities carried out in Palampur.

Q: Describe the three features of small scale manufacturing as a non-farming activity in Palampur.

Features:(i) Small scale manufacturing in Palampur involved production on a small scale by using simple methods. For example, use of sugarcane crushing machines to procure jaggery in the field itself.(ii) The production work was mostly carried out by family members themselves unlike big manufacturing outlets in towns where labourers are hired in huge number.(iii) Very few people in the village were involved in this sector and because of small scale production, profit earned was also less.

Q: How were the farmers able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur? Explain any three reasons.

Farmers of Palampur were able to grow three different crops in a year because of the following reasons:(i) Well-developed system of irrigation.(ii) Electricity came early to Palampur.(iii) Introduction of multiple cropping.(iv) Modern farming methods.(v) Green Revolution introduced HYV seeds.

Economics

definition

Various aspects of farm activities

The various farm activities in any village include:
(i) Ploughing by bullocks,
(ii) Sowing,
(iii) Spraying of insecticides,
(iv) Cultivation by traditional method,
(v) Cultivation by modern method
(vi) Cutting of crops.

definition

Horticulture

Horticulture is cultivation of fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants.

definition

Non-farm activities in villages

Only 25 per cent of the people working in Palampur are engaged in activities other than agriculture.
1. Dairy
2. Small-scale manufacturing
3. Shopkeeping
4. Transport

LEARN WITH VIDEOS