Explain ferromagnetism on the basis of domain theory?

Weiss proposed a concept of ferromagnetic domains. According to his postulate neighboring atoms of the ferromagnetic materials due to interactions from several number of very regions. Those regions were called domains. His theory is also named as domain theory of ferromagnetism.The domains are aligned along the direction of the applied magnetic field grow in size that is they align opposite to the field direction which gets reduced. In the presence of a weak external field, the magnetization in the material occurs mostly by the process of domain growing. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, the material gets magnetized by the process of alignment. When the field is removed the boundaries of domain do not recover their original position and the material is not completely demagnetized but some magnetism still remains.

The magnetic susceptibility is negative for:

Hint: Magnetic susceptibility is a proportionality constant that determines the degree of magnetization of a material with respect to the applied magnetic field. Solution: Step1: The magnetic susceptibility denotes whether a material is repelled out or attracted of a magnetic field. It is negative only for diamagnetic material and it is positive for paramagnetic material and ferromagnetic material has large positive magnetic susceptibility. Hence option ‘A’ is correct.

If the magnetizing field on a ferromagnetic material is increased, its permeability

The magnetic permeability of a substance is defined as \\(\mu=\dfrac{B}{H}\\)where \\(B\\) is the established magnetic field inside the material,\\(H\\) is the applied external magnetic field.When the external applied magnetic field \\(H\\) is increased, the established magnetic field for a ferromagnetic material remains the same. Thus the magnetic permeability decreases.

The variation of magnetic susceptibility with the temperature of a ferromagnetic material can be ploted as :

The magnetic susceptibility of ferromagnetic material in paramagnetic region is given by Curie-Weiss Law, which is presented as:\\(\chi=\dfrac{C}{T-T_C}\\)where \\(T_C\\) is the critical temperature and \\(\chi\\) is magnetic susceptibility at temperature \\(T\\).Thus \\(\chi\\) Vs \\(T\\) graph is a hyperbola.Hence the correct representation of the curve is the option B.

The coercivity of a small magnet where the ferromagnet gets demagnetized is \\(3\times 10^{3}\ Am^{-1}\\). The current required to be passed in a solenoid of length \\(10\ cm\\) and number of turns \\(100\\), so that the magnet gets demagnetized when inside the solenoid, is:

Coercivity refers to the intensity of magnetic fields \\((B)\\) where the magnet gets demagnetisedFor solenoid we have, \\(B=\mu _{0}nI\\) (\\(\mu _{0}=\\) absolute permeability, \\(n= \\) no. of turns per unit length, \\(B=\\) Magnetic field in solenoid , I= current through each turn)\\(\Rightarrow \mu _{0}H= \mu _{0}nI\\) (\\(H=\\) intensity of magnetic field)\\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{H}{n}\\)\\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{3\times 10^{3}A/m}{\dfrac{100}{0.1 m}}=3A\\)So current needed to be passed through solenoid \\(=3A\\)

State and explain Curie's law.

Curie's Law:In a paramagnetic material the magnetization of the material is directly proportional to an applied magnetic field. However, if the material is heated, the magnetization is inversely proportional to temperature.i.e. M = C x ( B / T )where, M is the magnetisationB is the magnetic field, measured in teslasT is absolute temperature, measured in kelvinsC is a material-specific Curie constantIt was first discovered experimentally by French physicist, Pierre Curie. It holds for high temperatures, or weak magnetic fields.

A thin diamagnetic rod is placed vertically between the poles of an electromagnet. When the current in the electromagnet is switched on, then the diamagnetic rod is pushed up, out of the horizontal magnetic field. Hence the rod gains gravitational potential energy. The work required to do this comes from.

Here when electromagnet is connected to battery, emf source the magnetic field is produced which pushes rod upwards and so gravitational potential energy is stored.This stored energy will require work which will come from current source or battery which is connected to electromagnet.So option 2 is correct answer

The substances which are attracted towards a magnet are called _______.

The substances which are attracted towards a magnet are called ferro-magnetic materials Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include iron, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare-earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone.

For diamagnetic materials, magnetic susceptibility is

Diamagnetic materials create an induced magnetic field in a direction opposite to an external applied magnetic field and are repelled by applied magnetic field.Magnetic permeability of the diamagnetic materials is little less than unity.\\(\therefore\\) \\(\mu_r = (1 + \chi_m) <1\\)\\(\implies\\) \\(\chi_m <0\\)Thus magnetic susceptibility of diamagnetic materials is very small and negative.For example : For Silicon, \\(\chi_m = \\) \\(- 4.2 \times 10^{-6}\\)

Curie temperature is the temperature above which

Curie Tempearture is the temperature at which certain materials lose their permanent magnetic properties, to be replaced by induced magnetism. In other words, it is the temperature above which a ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic.

Ferromagnetic Material | Definition, Examples, Diagrams

Q: Curie temperature is the temperature above which

Curie Tempearture is the temperature at which certain materials lose their permanent magnetic properties, to be replaced by induced magnetism. In other words, it is the temperature above which a ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic.

law

Curie's Law

Curie's Law : For paramagnetic materials,

M = C \frac{B _{0}}{T}

where

C

is the Curie's constant.
The Curie constant is a material-dependent property relating a material's temperature to its magnetic susceptibility.
The Curie constant, when expressed in SI units, is given by

C = \frac{μ _{0} μ _{B}^{2}}{3 k _{B}} N g^{2} J (J + 1)

where

N

is the number of magnetic atoms (or molecules) per unit volume,

g

is the Land g-factor,

μ_{B} (9.27400915 e - 24 J / T o r A m 2)

is the Bohr magneton,

J

is the angular momentum quantum number and

k_{B}

is Boltzmann's constant.

definition

Curie temperature

The temperature of transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetism is called the Curie temperature

T_{c}

definition

Ferromagnetic materials

Ferromagnetic materials have large magnetic susceptibility and are characterised by non linear relation between magnetic field (

B

) and magnetic intensity (

H

).They show the property of hysteresis.

Ferromagnetic Material

law

Curie's Law

definition

Curie temperature

definition

Ferromagnetic materials

REVISE WITH CONCEPTS

Ferromagnetic Material at Atomic Level

Explain ferromagnetism on the basis of domain theory?

The magnetic susceptibility is negative for:

If the magnetizing field on a ferromagnetic material is increased, its permeability

The variation of magnetic susceptibility with the temperature of a ferromagnetic material can be ploted as :

The coercivity of a small magnet where the ferromagnet gets demagnetized is $3 \times 1 0^{3} A m^{- 1}$ . The current required to be passed in a solenoid of length $10 c m$ and number of turns $100$ , so that the magnet gets demagnetized when inside the solenoid, is:

State and explain Curie's law.

The substances which are attracted towards a magnet are called _______.

For diamagnetic materials, magnetic susceptibility is

Curie temperature is the temperature above which

law

Curie's Law

definition

Curie temperature

definition

Ferromagnetic materials

REVISE WITH CONCEPTS

Ferromagnetic Material at Atomic Level

Explain ferromagnetism on the basis of domain theory?

The magnetic susceptibility is negative for:

If the magnetizing field on a ferromagnetic material is increased, its permeability

The variation of magnetic susceptibility with the temperature of a ferromagnetic material can be ploted as :

The coercivity of a small magnet where the ferromagnet gets demagnetized is 3×103 Am−1. The current required to be passed in a solenoid of length 10 cm and number of turns 100, so that the magnet gets demagnetized when inside the solenoid, is:

State and explain Curie's law.

The substances which are attracted towards a magnet are called _______.

For diamagnetic materials, magnetic susceptibility is

Curie temperature is the temperature above which

The coercivity of a small magnet where the ferromagnet gets demagnetized is $3 \times 1 0^{3} A m^{- 1}$ . The current required to be passed in a solenoid of length $10 c m$ and number of turns $100$ , so that the magnet gets demagnetized when inside the solenoid, is: