Habitat and Adaptations of Animals

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Adaptations in aquatic ecosystem

There are two types of aquatic ecosystem present- marine and fresh water.
Aquatic adaptations are as follows-
Presence of special air spaces inside bodies
Presence of flippers or fins
Microscopic plants have oil droplets to keep them floating
Large plants have flexible stems
The marine dwellers have osmoregulation system in their body to regulate water balance
Many marine mammals have blubber to regulate their body temperature.
Marine adaptation on the basis of light penetration-

Euphotic zone- The organisms living in this zone are mostly floaters and swimmers.
Bathyal zone- Most of the plants of this zone are red and brown kelps, songes, corals. Animals have tubular bodies of this zone.
Abyssal zone- Here mainly deep sea animals, mostly predators and scavengers are present.

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Adaptations in desert ecosystem

Organisms create adaptable situations around them on the basis of their needs, called as adaptation.
Plants living in desert reduces leaves to spines, to stop transpirational loss of water (e.g., kalabanda), store water in the stem, called as succulent stems.
Desert plants are called as xerophytes.
Some desert plants show stone like swollen leaves to reduce water loss. E.g., pebble plants.
Desert adaptations of animals-

Hump - stores fat for later use
Long eye lash - protects from sand
Voluntarily closing nostrils - protects from sand
Long legs - keeps body away from hot ground

The side-winder adder snake crawl sideways to keep body cool.
Animals swim through the sand to escape the heat. E.g., golden mole rat.
Some animals show physiological changes to adapt with desert environment. E.g., kangaroo rat (synthesises water through digestion)

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Adaptations in aquatic ecosystem

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Adaptations in desert ecosystem

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Adaptations to Polar Regions