How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?

Answer:Fat digestion takes place in the small intestine. The alkaline secretion of the liver, bile, is carried to the small intestine by the bile duct. The process starts with emulsification (break down) of large fat globules by the salt of bile into smaller micelles to facilitate further enzymatic reaction and digestion process. The fat-digesting lipase enzyme in pancreatic juice and intestinal juices digest the fat in micelles into triacylglycerols and then fatty acids and glycerol. These fat digestion products are then absorbed by the intestinal mucosa and are carried to tissues by the lymphatic system and blood where they either serve as energy fuel or are stored after re-esterification.

Bile juice contains no digestive enzymes, yet it is important for digestion. Why?

Bile is a digestive juice secreted by the liver. Although it does not contain any digestive enzymes, it plays an important role in the digestion of fats. Bile juice has bile salts such as bilirubin and biliverdin. These break down large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzymes can easily act on them. This process is known as emulsification of fats. Bile juice also makes the medium alkaline and activates lipase.

How is small intestine designed to absorb digested food?

correct answer is option D.The small intestine is the most important part of the alimentary canal for digestion and absorption of food. It has three regions a U-shaped duodenum, a long coiled middle portion jejunum and highly coiled ileum.The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the mucosa. This layer forms irregular folds (rugae) in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called villi in the small intestine. These modifications increase the surface area for more absorption. Villi are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called the lacteal.It transports lipid molecules. The wall of the intestine is surrounded by the blood vessels which assimilates the food molecules to the different parts of the body.

Choose the correct answer among the following:(a) Gastric juice contains (i) pepsin, lipase, and rennin(ii) trypsin, lipase, and rennin(iii) trypsin, pepsin, and lipase(iv) trypsin, pepsin, and renin(b) Succus entericus is the name given to(i) a junction between the ileum and large intestine(ii) intestinal juice(iii) swelling in the neck(iv) appendix

Gastric juice contains pepsin, lipase, and rennin. Pepsin is secreted in an inactive form as pepsinogen, which is activated by HCl. Pepsin digests proteins into peptones. Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids. Rennin is a photolytic enzyme present in the gastric juice. It helps in the coagulation of milk.Intestinal juice :Succus entericus is another name for intestinal juice. It is secreted by the intestinal gland. Intestinal juice contains a variety of enzymes such as maltase, lipases, nucleosidases, dipeptidases, etc.

Which is the largest gland in human body?

Liver is the largest gland in the human body that secretes bileSo, the correct answer is 'Liver'

Give the dental formula of human beings.

The dental formula represents the arrangement of teeth in each half of the upper and the lower jaw. The entire formula is multiplied by two to represent the total number of teeth.The dental formula for milk teeth in humans is:Each half of the upper jaw and the lower jaw has 2 incisors, 1 canine, and 2 molars. Premolars are absent in milk teeth hence the zero.The dental formula for permanent teeth in humans is: Each half of the upper jaw and the lower jaw has 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars. An adult human has 32 permanent teeth.

Name the correct substrates for the following enzymes.(a) Trypsin (b) Amylase (c) Pepsin (d) Lipase

The substrates for the following enzymes are(a)Trypsin - Protein (b)Amylase - starch (c) Pepsin -Protein (d) Lipase - Fat

The most important function of villi in the small intestine is

Villi are tiny, finger-like projections from the wall of the small intestine. They line the inner surface of the small intestine. Their role is to increase the surface area within the small intestine. This will lead to the increase of the surface area of absorption as it is the main function of the small intestine.

Which of the following is not the function of liver ?

The liver performs a variety of functions such as synthesis, storage and secretion of various substances. The functions performed by the liver are :The liver secretes bile juice.The liver plays a key role in carbohydrates metabolism, in lipid metabolism. It also helps in deamination of proteins and conversion of ammonia into urea. It is the chief organ of detoxification of toxic substances in food.It acts as a thermoregulatory organ like skeletal muscle. as it has high glucose at its disposal.It acts as a haematopoietic organ in the foetus and erythroblasts organ i.e. destruction of the red blood cells in the adults. Hence, the breakdown of cholesterol is not the function of the liver.So, the correct option is 'breakdown of cholesterol'.

Give the dental formula of adult human beings.

The dental formula is used to represent the arrangement of the teeth in upper and the lower row. The dental formula for the adult human beings is 2123/2123. There are 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars aand 3 molars in one row. There are total 32 teeth in the adult human being

Intermediate Knowledge of Teeth | Formula, Definition, Diagrams

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Teeth

Teeth are the hardest substances in the human body. Besides being essential for chewing, the teeth play an important role in speech. There are different kinds of teeth. They are as follows:
1. Incisors
2. Canines
3. Premolars
4. Molars

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Dental formula

Dental formulae indicate the number of each type of tooth in a given species.
The jaw is bilaterally symmetrical. Hence, the dental formulae represent the number considering the half jaw only.
The numerator of the fraction represents the number of teeth in the upper jaw and denominator represents the number of teeth in the lower jaw.
The formula represents number of teeth in the following order (left to right): Incisors, Canine, Premolars, Molars
Example:

\frac{u p p e r}{l o w e r}

\frac{I C P M}{I C P M}

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Human teeth

Dental formula is used to calculate the number of teeth in mammals. The human dental formula is as follows:

Human child (upto 2 years): $\frac{2 1 2 0}{2 1 2 0}$
Thus, the total number of teeth are = 2x10= 20 (milk teeth)
Human adolescent (17-20 years): $\frac{2 1 2 2}{2 1 2 2}$
Thus, the total number of teeth are = 2x14= 28 (permanent teeth)
Human adult: $\frac{2 1 2 3}{2 1 2 3}$
Thus, the total number of teeth are = 2x16= 32 (permanent teeth + wisdom teeth)

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Milk teeth and Permanent teeth

Teeth are present in the buccal cavity and help to churn food.
The first set of teeth grows during infancy and they fall off at the age of 6-8 years are known as milk teeth.
The second set of teeth which remains for rest of the life are known as permanent teeth.
The different types of permanent teeth are molar, premolar, canine and incisor.

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Types of teeth

The teeth are classified into different types on the basis of its use. They are mainly used for cutting, biting, tearing, chewing and grinding.
They are differently shaped permanent teeth to break the food into small chunks which make the digestion easy.
Permanent teeth are divided into four types. Each has special structure and functions. They are:

Incisors
Canine
Premolars
Molars

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Incisors

Incisors are situated in the center of both- top and bottom jaw. They have the following features:

There are 4 incisors in each jaw.
They are thin, flat-bottom, narrow- edged and sharp in shape.
Incisors are mainly adapted for cutting.
Incisors help us to make the initial bite.

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Canine

Canines are 'V shaped peak' located beside the incisors. The have the following features:

2 canines are present in each jaw.
They help the premolars and incisors during chewing.
Canine are strong and pointed for tearing food.

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Premolars

Premolars share features of both, canines and molars. They have the following characters:

Each jaw consists of 4 premolars.
They are slightly flat with ridges on top.
Premolars are used to chew and tear food.
Initial grinding is done by them.

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Molars

Molars are stronger than the premolars. They are located at the back of the mouth. Molars are known to have the following characteristics:

There are 6 molars in each jaw.
They are broad and flat on top.
Molars help in crushing and grinding food.

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Difference between different types of teeth

	Type of tooth	Location	Feature	Function
1.	Incisor	Incisors are situated in the centre of both, top and bottom jaw.	4 incisors are present in each jaw. They are thin, flat-bottom, narrow-edged and sharp in shape.	They are adapted for cutting.
2.	Canine	Located beside the incisors.	Canines are 'v-shaped'. There are 2 canines present in each jaw. They are strong and pointed.	They are used for tearing food.
3.	Premolar	They are located beside canines.	There are 4 premolars in each jaw. They are slightly flat with ridges on top.	Premolars are used to chew and tear food. Initial grinding is done by them.
4.	Molar	They are located at the back of the mouth.	They are stronger than the premolars. There are 6 molars in each jaw. Molars are broad and flat on top.	Molars are responsible for crushing and grinding the food.

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Dental formula

\frac{u p p e r}{l o w e r}

\frac{I C P M}{I C P M}

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Dental formula in humans

Dental formula is used to calculate the number of teeth in mammals. The human dental formula is as follows:

Human child (upto 2 years): $\frac{2 1 2 0}{2 1 2 0}$
Thus, the total number of teeth are = 2x10= 20 (milk teeth)
Human adolescent (17-20 years): $\frac{2 1 2 2}{2 1 2 2}$
Thus, the total number of teeth are = 2x14= 28 (permanent teeth)
Human adult: $\frac{2 1 2 3}{2 1 2 3}$
Thus, the total number of teeth are = 2x16= 32 (permanent teeth + wisdom teeth)

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Teeth

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Dental formula

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Human teeth

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Milk teeth and Permanent teeth

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Types of teeth

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Incisors

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Canine

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Premolars

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Molars

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Difference between different types of teeth

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Dental formula

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Dental formula in humans

REVISE WITH CONCEPTS

Introduction to Digestion

Mouth

Teeth

Small Intestine

Quick Summary With Stories

Basics of Teeth

How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?

Bile juice contains no digestive enzymes, yet it is important for digestion. Why?

How is small intestine designed to absorb digested food?

Which is the largest gland in human body?

Give the dental formula of human beings.

Name the correct substrates for the following enzymes.(a) Trypsin (b) Amylase (c) Pepsin (d) Lipase

The most important function of villi in the small intestine is

Which of the following is not the function of liver ?

Give the dental formula of adult human beings.

Name the correct substrates for the following enzymes.
(a) Trypsin (b) Amylase (c) Pepsin (d) Lipase