Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.

The Great or the Inner Himalayas or the Himadri, the Middle Himalayas or the Himachal, and the Outer Himalayas or the Shivaliks.1) The Great or Inner Himalayas: This is the northernmost range and is also known as 'Himadri'. This is the most continuous range. It contains the loftiest peaks.2) The Middle or Lesser Himalaya: Himalaya in north is classified as the Middle Himalaya, sometimes also called Himachal or Lower Himalaya.3) The Outer Himalayas are known as the Shivalik ranges. These ranges are youngest of the Himalayan family.

Describe how the Himalayas have been divided on the basis of regions from west to east.

(i) Punjab Himalayas. These divisions have been demarcated by river valleys. For instance, the part of Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalayas but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal Himalayas from west to east respectively.(ii) Kumaon Himalayas. The part of the Himalayas lying between Satluj and Kali rivers is known as Kumaon Himalayas.(iii) Nepal Himalayas. The Kali and Tista riven demarcate the Nepal Himalayas.(iv) Assam Himalayas. The part lying between Tista and Dihang rivers is known as Assam Himalayas.

Why are the southern slopes in Himalayan region covered with thick vegetation cover as compared to northern slopes of the same hills?

The growth of vegetation depends upon the amount sunlight and rainfall received. The southern slopes of the Himalayas receive more rain due to the south west monsoon winds which travel west along the southern slopes. So the southern slopes are covered with thick vegetation as compared to the northern slopes.The northern slopes of the hills in Himalayan region are at high altitude and have low temperature or are snow covered. This does not allow much vegetation. In the southern part of the hills there are plains and valleys watered by rivers and with fertile soil and pleasant temperature levels all required for dense growth of vegetation.

Mention three features of the Himalayan mountains.

(i) The Himalayas, geologically young and structurally fold mountains, stretch over the northern borders of India.(ii) These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra.(iii) The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world.(iv) They form an arc which covers a distance of about 2,400 km. Their width varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh.

Match the following:List-IList-IIA.Kumaon Himalayas1.Between the Indus and the SutlejB.Nepal Himalayas2.Between the Kali and the TeestaC.Punjab Himalayas3.Between the Teesta and the BrahmaputraD.Assam Himalayas4.Between the Sutlej and the Kali

List 1 List 2 A. Kumaon Himalayas 1. Between the Sutlej and the Kali B. Nepal Himalayas 2.Between the Kali and the Teesta C. Punjab Himalayas 3.Between the Indus and the Sutlej D. Assam Himalayas 4.Between the Teesta and the Brahmaputra

The northern most range of the Himalayas is known as the _______.

The northern-most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres. It contains all prominent Himalayan peaks.

Which one of the following is the highest peak of India?

Mount K2 (8611 meters), located in Jammu and Kashmir, also known as Godwin-Austen is the highest peak in India.

Mention few uses of Himalayas.

The Himalayas save our country from the cold and dry winds of Central Asia. It also prevents the rain-laden monsoon winds of the Indian Ocean from crossing over to Northern countries and causes heavy rainfall in Northern India. Almost all the great rivers of India have their sources in the Himalayan ranges. Abundant rainfall and vast snowfields, as well as large glaciers, are the feeding grounds of the mighty rivers of India. All the beautiful hill stations in Northern India like Srinagar, Pahalgam, Gulmarg, Shimla, Kulu, Manali, Dharamshala, Dehradun, Nainital are located in the Himalayas. Thousands of visitors come to these hill stations. Many useful herbs which are used as medicines grow on the slopes of the Himalayas. The Himalayan forests provide firewood and a large variety of raw materials for forest-based industries. The Himalayan forests provide shelter to many kinds of wild animals and birds.

The Great Himalayas | Definition, Examples, Diagrams

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Northern Mountain Wall of India

The Himalayas, geologically young and structurally fold mountains stretch over the northern borders of India. These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. These mountain ranges are called as the Northern Mountain Wall of India.

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Natural vegetation and animals of Northern Mountain Region

Natural vegetation: Over 52% of total area of the Indian Himalayan region is covered by forests. Himalayan vegetation can be broadly classified into four types - tropical, subtropical, temperate and alpine.
Animals: Asiatic black bears, langurs, Himalayan goats, antelopes and Indian rhinoceros are some of the animals found in the Northern Mountain region.

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Himadri range of northern mountain

The Great Himalayas or Himadri is the most continuous, loftiest and northernmost range of the Himalayas. The snow clad mountain ranges rise in height upto 6000 metres and are covered with snow. It is a source of a large number of glaciers of varying dimensions. The Great Himalayan range runs in a northwest to southeast direction in the western part.

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Himachal range of northern mountain

The Lesser Himalayas or Himachal Range lies to the North of Shivalik range and it's altitude is up to 4500 m. It comprises Pir Panjal range in Kashmir and Dhaula-dhar in Himachal Pradesh. Being accessible from the plains and having moderate elevation the lesser Himalayas have maximum number of tourist attractions. The valleys of Kashmir, Kullu-Manali and Kangra are the best examples.

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Siwaliks range of northern mountain

It is also called the Outer Himalayas. It is not a continuous range. The slopes facing the subcontinent are steep while those facing north are gentle. It is known as Jammu hills in Jammu and Miri, Abor and Mishmi hills in Arunachal Pradesh. the average elevation is about 1000 m above sea level.

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Other important features of the Himalayas

Doons: Doon is a local word for valley. They were originally temporary lakes. When the lakes dried up, the debris and boulders filled them up and turned them into valleys.
Bhabhar areas: These are porous, gravel-ridden plains at the foot of the Himalayas.
Terai: It is a strange terrain- an area consisting of marshy underground seepage.
Khadar and Bhangar: The new alluvium brought down by the rivers in low-lying zones is known as Khadar and the older alluvium in riverbeds in the form of terraces is known as Bhangar.

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Significance of the Great Northern Wall

The Himalayas act as an effective barrier by blocking the inflow of cold, dry air masses into the north during winter. The glaciers in the Himalayas which give rise to perennial rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, Kosi, etc. provide water for drinking as well as irrigation in the north- Indian plains. The rivers originating in the Himalayas are a major source of hydel power. The Himalayas act as a barrier to the invaders. They have made communication with the neighbouring countries a difficult process. It attracts thousands of tourists from India and abroad. A number of sacred shrines are also located in the Himalayas. They are also a great attraction for adventure seekers. The Himalayas are rich in forest resources. The Himalayas have rich resources of minerals such as copper, lead, nickel, etc.

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Differentiate between Western and Eastern Himalayas

Western Himalayas	Eastern Himalayas
1. They are located between the Indus and Kali rivers.	They are located between the Tista and Brahmaputra rivers.
2. Average rainfall-100 cm.	Average rainfall- More than 200 cm.
3. Three distinct ranges- the Himadri, Himachal and Shiwalik.	Last two ranges- Himachal and Shiwalik merge into one another.
4. Covered with coniferous forests.	Covered with thick evergreen forests.

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Features of Trans Himalayas

The Trans-Himalayan ranges are also called the Tibetan Himalaya because most of it lies in Tibet.
The Zaskar, the Ladakh, the Kailas and the Karakoram are the main ranges.
It stretches for a distance of about 1,000 km in east-west direction.
Average elevation is 3000 m above mean sea level.
The average width of this region is 40 km at the extremities and about 225 km in the central part.
The Nanga Parbat (8126m) is an important range which is in the Zaskar Range.
North of the Zaskar Range and running parallel to it is the Ladakh Range. Only a few peaks of this range attain heights of over 6000 metres.
The Kailas Range in western Tibet is an offshoot of the Ladakh Range. The highest peak is Mount Kailas (6714m). River Indus originates from the northern slopes of the Kailas range.
The northern most range of the Trans-Himalayan Ranges in India is the Great Karakoram Range also known as the Krishnagiri range.

The Great Himalayas

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Northern Mountain Wall of India

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Natural vegetation and animals of Northern Mountain Region

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Himadri range of northern mountain

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Himachal range of northern mountain

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Siwaliks range of northern mountain

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Other important features of the Himalayas

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Significance of the Great Northern Wall

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Differentiate between Western and Eastern Himalayas

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Features of Trans Himalayas

Quick Summary With Stories

An overview on Physical features of India

The Himalayas

Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.

Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the peninsular plateau.

Describe how the Himalayas have been divided on the basis of regions from west to east.

Map skills:
On the outline map of India, mark the Karakoram Range, Zanskar Range, Ladakh and zojila pass.

Why are the southern slopes in Himalayan region covered with thick vegetation cover as compared to northern slopes of the same hills?

Mention three features of the Himalayan mountains.

Match the following:
List-I List-II
A. Kumaon Himalayas 1. Between the Indus and the Sutlej
B. Nepal Himalayas 2. Between the Kali and the Teesta
C. Punjab Himalayas 3. Between the Teesta and the Brahmaputra
D. Assam Himalayas 4. Between the Sutlej and the Kali

The northern most range of the Himalayas is known as the _______.

Which one of the following is the highest peak of India?

Mention few uses of Himalayas.

	List-I		List-II
A.	Kumaon Himalayas	1.	Between the Indus and the Sutlej
B.	Nepal Himalayas	2.	Between the Kali and the Teesta
C.	Punjab Himalayas	3.	Between the Teesta and the Brahmaputra
D.	Assam Himalayas	4.	Between the Sutlej and the Kali

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Northern Mountain Wall of India

definition

Natural vegetation and animals of Northern Mountain Region

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Himadri range of northern mountain

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Himachal range of northern mountain

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Siwaliks range of northern mountain

shortcut

Other important features of the Himalayas

shortcut

Significance of the Great Northern Wall

shortcut

Differentiate between Western and Eastern Himalayas

definition

Features of Trans Himalayas

Quick Summary With Stories

An overview on Physical features of India

The Himalayas

Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.

Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the peninsular plateau.

Describe how the Himalayas have been divided on the basis of regions from west to east.

Map skills:On the outline map of India, mark the Karakoram Range, Zanskar Range, Ladakh and zojila pass.

Why are the southern slopes in Himalayan region covered with thick vegetation cover as compared to northern slopes of the same hills?

Mention three features of the Himalayan mountains.

Match the following:List-IList-IIA.Kumaon Himalayas1.Between the Indus and the SutlejB.Nepal Himalayas2.Between the Kali and the TeestaC.Punjab Himalayas3.Between the Teesta and the BrahmaputraD.Assam Himalayas4.Between the Sutlej and the Kali

The northern most range of the Himalayas is known as the _______.

Which one of the following is the highest peak of India?

Mention few uses of Himalayas.

Map skills:
On the outline map of India, mark the Karakoram Range, Zanskar Range, Ladakh and zojila pass.

Match the following:
List-I List-II
A. Kumaon Himalayas 1. Between the Indus and the Sutlej
B. Nepal Himalayas 2. Between the Kali and the Teesta
C. Punjab Himalayas 3. Between the Teesta and the Brahmaputra
D. Assam Himalayas 4. Between the Sutlej and the Kali