Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function:1. Thyroid2. Pituitary 3. Pancreas

Thyroid: Thyroxin hormone is secreted; regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism so as to provide best balance for growth.Pituitary: Human Growth Hormone, Regulates growth and development, deficiency leads to dwarfism, gigantism if excessive production takes place.Pancreas: Secretes insulin, regulates blood sugar levels.

Which of the following is not present in pancreatic juice?

Pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas, which contains a variety of enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase and amylase. Pepsin in not present in pancreatic juice. It is secreted by the peptic cells of the stomach.

Select the incorrect statement

LH is a Luteinizing hormone produced by the gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It plays an important role in puberty, menstruation, and fertility. It triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In male, LH triggers the secretion of androgen called as testosterone from the Leydig cells. FSH is follicle-stimulating hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It helps in regulation of development, growth, pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the body. It stimulates the Sertoli cells of the testicles and helps in spermatogenesis, production of sperm. During the follicular phase, the LH and FSH increase gradually. They stimulate follicular development and estrogen secretion by follicular cells.Thus, the correct answer is 'LH and FSH decrease gradually during the follicular phase.'

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?

Correct Option: AExplanation:Aldosterone is secreted from the adrenal cortex. The main function of aldosterone is to serve as a stimulant of the renal absorption of sodium ions and water. This leads to the increment of the blood volume. When the aldosterone level is reduced, it helps to increase the sodium secretion by Distal Convoluted Tubules.

Match the following hormones with the respective disease.(a) Insulin(i) Addison's disease(b) Thyroxin(ii) Diabetes insipidus(c ) Corticoids(iii) Acromegaly(d) Growth Hormone(iv) Goitre(v) Diabetes mellitusSelect the correct option.

∙∙ Insulin deficiency leads to diabetes mellitus∙∙ Hypersecretion or hyposecretion of thyroxine can be associated with enlargement of thyroid gland called goitre.∙∙ Deficiency of corticoids (Glucocorticoid ++ mineralocorticoid) leads to Addison's disease∙∙ Growth hormone hypersecretion in adults leads to Acromegaly.So, the correct answer is '(a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)'

What is meant by control and co-ordination?

Control is the power of restraining and regulation by which something can be started, slowed down or stopped. Co-ordination is the working together of various agents of the body of an organism in a proper manner to produce an appropriate reaction to a stimulus is called coordination. For example, the nervous system and endocrine system act in a coordinated manner for the proper regulation of body activities.

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by anterior pituitary?

Hypothalamus secretes oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin) that is stored and released by neurohypophysis. Therefore, it is not secreted by anterior pituitary.So, the correct answer is 'Oxytocin'

Which is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body. It is located in the neck, below the larynx, and in front of the trachea.It secretes thyroid hormone, which regulates important metabolic processes connected to our heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels.So, the correct answer is option A.

The posterior lobe of pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because:

Oxytocin and vasopressin hormones are produced by the hypothalamus but stored and are released into the bloodstream via the posterior pituitary. That's the reason why it is not a true endocrine gland. Endocrine glands are the ductless glands that secrete and release hormones in the blood directly. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency : -

Gigantism is a rare condition of accelerated growth and increased height as a result of too much growth hormone secretion during childhood or adolescence. It is almost always the result of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumour. Congenital hypothyroidism (under activity of the thyroid gland at birth), which results in growth retardation, developmental delay, and other abnormal features. Cretinism can be due to a deficiency of iodine in the mother's diet during pregnancy.Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction) and several other symptoms.Diabetes mellitus occurs due to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency and subsequent high blood glucose levels. Diabetes Insipidus, on the other hand, develops as a result of the stilted production of a hormone in the brain, which is released to stop the kidneys producing so much urine in order to retain water.So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid hormone Tetany'.

Pancreas | Definition, Examples, Diagrams

definition

Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)

Pancreas produce insulin from beta cells, glucagon from alpha cells and somatostatin from delta cells of Islets of Langerhans.

definition

Extrenal structure of pancreas

The pancreas comprises of head, neck, body and tail.
The main pancreatic duct is formed from smaller ducts within the pancreas, which opens into hepatopancreatic ampulla.
An accessory duct is also present in pancreas which opens directly into the duodenum.

definition

Function of hormones secreted by pancreas

The three main hormones produced by the endocrine pancreas and their functions are
Glucagon

It is a polypeptide hormone.
It is secreted by the pancreas when the glucose level in the blood drops.
It increases the blood glucose levels by initiating glycogenolysis (glycogen degradation) and stimulating gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate molecules) in the liver cells.
Since it increases the blood glucose levels it is a hyperglycemic (hyper-more, glycemic-sugar levels) hormone
It also initiates lipolysis (degradation of lipid) in the adipose tissue.

Insulin

It is also a polypeptide hormone
It has antagonistic (opposite) effects of the hormone glucagon.
It is released when the glucose level in the blood raises.
It lowers blood sugar levels in different ways; increasing the uptake of glucose by all the cells in the body, initiating glycogenesis (glycogen synthesis) in the liver and muscle.
It initiates lipogenesis (synthesis of lipids/fat) and storage of fat in adipose tissue and inhibits gluconeogenesis
It is a hypoglycemic (hypo=less) hormone as it reduces the sugar levels in the blood

Somatostatin

Also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
It acts locally on the Islets of Langerhans and inhibit the secretion of both insulin and glucagon
It also reduces gastric secretions and inhibits the release of gastrointestinal hormones

Pancreatic Polypeptide

It is a polypeptide secreted by the cells of the pancreas.
Protein is strong stimulus for its production
It affects gastric and biliary secretion and motility of the GI tract

Pancreas

definition

Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)

definition

Extrenal structure of pancreas

definition

Function of hormones secreted by pancreas

REVISE WITH CONCEPTS

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Adrenal Glands

Pineal Gland

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Glands

Testes and Ovaries

Thymus Gland

Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function:
1. Thyroid
2. Pituitary
3. Pancreas

Which of the following is not present in pancreatic juice?

Select the incorrect statement

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?

Match the following hormones with the respective disease.
(a) Insulin (i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxin (ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c ) Corticoids (iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth Hormone (iv) Goitre

(v) Diabetes mellitus
Select the correct option.

What is meant by control and co-ordination?

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by anterior pituitary?

Which is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?

The posterior lobe of pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because:

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency : -

(a) Insulin	(i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxin	(ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c ) Corticoids	(iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth Hormone	(iv) Goitre
	(v) Diabetes mellitus