Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function:1. Thyroid2. Pituitary 3. Pancreas

Thyroid: Thyroxin hormone is secreted; regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism so as to provide best balance for growth.Pituitary: Human Growth Hormone, Regulates growth and development, deficiency leads to dwarfism, gigantism if excessive production takes place.Pancreas: Secretes insulin, regulates blood sugar levels.

Which of the following is not present in pancreatic juice?

Pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas, which contains a variety of enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase and amylase. Pepsin in not present in pancreatic juice. It is secreted by the peptic cells of the stomach.

Select the incorrect statement

LH is a Luteinizing hormone produced by the gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It plays an important role in puberty, menstruation, and fertility. It triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In male, LH triggers the secretion of androgen called as testosterone from the Leydig cells. FSH is follicle-stimulating hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It helps in regulation of development, growth, pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the body. It stimulates the Sertoli cells of the testicles and helps in spermatogenesis, production of sperm. During the follicular phase, the LH and FSH increase gradually. They stimulate follicular development and estrogen secretion by follicular cells.Thus, the correct answer is 'LH and FSH decrease gradually during the follicular phase.'

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?

Correct Option: AExplanation:Aldosterone is secreted from the adrenal cortex. The main function of aldosterone is to serve as a stimulant of the renal absorption of sodium ions and water. This leads to the increment of the blood volume. When the aldosterone level is reduced, it helps to increase the sodium secretion by Distal Convoluted Tubules.

Match the following hormones with the respective disease.(a) Insulin(i) Addison's disease(b) Thyroxin(ii) Diabetes insipidus(c ) Corticoids(iii) Acromegaly(d) Growth Hormone(iv) Goitre(v) Diabetes mellitusSelect the correct option.

∙∙ Insulin deficiency leads to diabetes mellitus∙∙ Hypersecretion or hyposecretion of thyroxine can be associated with enlargement of thyroid gland called goitre.∙∙ Deficiency of corticoids (Glucocorticoid ++ mineralocorticoid) leads to Addison's disease∙∙ Growth hormone hypersecretion in adults leads to Acromegaly.So, the correct answer is '(a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)'

What is meant by control and co-ordination?

Control is the power of restraining and regulation by which something can be started, slowed down or stopped. Co-ordination is the working together of various agents of the body of an organism in a proper manner to produce an appropriate reaction to a stimulus is called coordination. For example, the nervous system and endocrine system act in a coordinated manner for the proper regulation of body activities.

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by anterior pituitary?

Hypothalamus secretes oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin) that is stored and released by neurohypophysis. Therefore, it is not secreted by anterior pituitary.So, the correct answer is 'Oxytocin'

Which is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body. It is located in the neck, below the larynx, and in front of the trachea.It secretes thyroid hormone, which regulates important metabolic processes connected to our heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels.So, the correct answer is option A.

The posterior lobe of pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because:

Oxytocin and vasopressin hormones are produced by the hypothalamus but stored and are released into the bloodstream via the posterior pituitary. That's the reason why it is not a true endocrine gland. Endocrine glands are the ductless glands that secrete and release hormones in the blood directly. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency : -

Gigantism is a rare condition of accelerated growth and increased height as a result of too much growth hormone secretion during childhood or adolescence. It is almost always the result of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumour. Congenital hypothyroidism (under activity of the thyroid gland at birth), which results in growth retardation, developmental delay, and other abnormal features. Cretinism can be due to a deficiency of iodine in the mother's diet during pregnancy.Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction) and several other symptoms.Diabetes mellitus occurs due to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency and subsequent high blood glucose levels. Diabetes Insipidus, on the other hand, develops as a result of the stilted production of a hormone in the brain, which is released to stop the kidneys producing so much urine in order to retain water.So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid hormone Tetany'.

Parathyroid Glands | Definition, Examples, Diagrams

definition

Parathyroid gland

The major function of the parathyroid glands is to maintain the body's calcium and phosphate levels within a very narrow range, so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly.
The parathyroid glands do this by secreting parathyroid hormone.

definition

Parathyroid gland- Origin, location and structure

Parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland (not related to thyroid gland) present in the neck.
Origin

Develops from the endoderm of the embryo

Location

Four parathyroid glands are on the posterior (backside) surface of thyroid gland
One pair of parathyroid glands are present on each lobe of the thyroid gland

Structure

They have a beanlike shape.
They are encapsulated and have smooth structures.
They are made of two types of cells; small chief/principal cells and the oxyphil cells (eosinophils)
While the chief cells produce the parathyroid hormone the function of the oxyphil cells is unknown.

definition

Hormones of the Parathyroid gland

The principal/chief cells of the parathyroid produce the parathyroid hormone, also called the parathormone. The function of this hormone is

To maintain calcium and phosphate balance in the blood and other tissues.
To increase calcium reabsorption from the intestine as well as from the nephrons of the kidney
To initiate bone resorption (e.g. reabsorption of calcium from bones), in case the blood calcium levels drop.

definition

Parathyroid disorders

An increase or decrease in the level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by the parathyroid gland can lead to parathyroid disorders; Hyperparathyroidism (deficiency of PTH) and Hypoparathyroidism (excess of PTH).

definition

Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which there is an excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Hyperparathyroidism can be primary hyperparathyroidism or secondary hyperparathyroidism
Causes

Abnormality in the parathyroid gland leading to excess PTH production (primary hyperparathyroidism)
It is usually because of the tumour of one of the parathyroid glands.
In secondary hyperparathyroidism, there is excess production PTH to compensate for the hypocalcemic condition of the body. It is also caused due to vitamin D deficiency.

Symptoms

Increased calcium content in the blood (due to increased osteoclastic activity and bone resorption)
Renal stones
Osteomalacia (insufficient mineralization of the bones) and osteoporosis
Pancreatitis and hear diseases.

definition

Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid gland is reduced. This condition uncommon.
Causes

Injury or surgical removal of three/four of the four parathyroid glands leads to hypoparathyroidism.
autoimmune diseases
cancer radiation treatments

Symtopms

Decreased blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia) can lead to tetany.
Tetanic spasm of the laryngeal muscles can lead to respiratory problems leading to death.
Increased blood phosphate levels (hyperphosphatemia)

Parathyroid Glands

definition

Parathyroid gland

definition

Parathyroid gland- Origin, location and structure

definition

Hormones of the Parathyroid gland

definition

Parathyroid disorders

definition

Hyperparathyroidism

definition

Hypoparathyroidism

REVISE WITH CONCEPTS

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Adrenal Glands

Pineal Gland

Pancreas

Thyroid Gland

Testes and Ovaries

Thymus Gland

Quick Summary With Stories

Parathyroid gland

Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function:
1. Thyroid
2. Pituitary
3. Pancreas

Which of the following is not present in pancreatic juice?

Select the incorrect statement

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?

Match the following hormones with the respective disease.
(a) Insulin (i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxin (ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c ) Corticoids (iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth Hormone (iv) Goitre

(v) Diabetes mellitus
Select the correct option.

What is meant by control and co-ordination?

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by anterior pituitary?

Which is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?

The posterior lobe of pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because:

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency : -

(a) Insulin	(i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxin	(ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c ) Corticoids	(iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth Hormone	(iv) Goitre
	(v) Diabetes mellitus