An \\(LED\\) is constructed from a pn junction based on a certain semi-conducting material whose energy gap is \\(1.9\ eV\\). Then the wavelength of the emitted light is

Energy gap \\(E_g = 1.9eV\\)Wavelength of light emitted \\(\lambda = \dfrac{hc}{E_g}\\) nm where \\(hc = 1240eV\\)\\(\therefore\\) \\(\lambda = \dfrac{1240}{1.9} \approx 650\\) nm \\( = 6.5\times 10^{-7}\\) \\(m\\)

The figure represents a voltage regulator circuit using a Zener diode. The breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is 6V and the load resistance is \\(R_L = 4 k \Omega\\). The series resistance of the circuit is \\(R_i = 1 k \Omega\\). If the battery voltage \\(V_B\\) varies from \\(8V\\) to \\(16V\\), what are the minimum and maximum values of the current through Zener diode ?

At \\(V_B = 8V\\)\\(i_L = \dfrac{6 \times 10^{-3}}{4} = 1.5 \times 10^{-3} A\\)\\(i_R = \dfrac{8 - 6 \times 10^{-3}}{1} = 2 \times 10^{-3} A\\)\\(\therefore i_{zener \, diode} = i_R - i_{load}\\)\\(= 0.5 \times 10^{-3} A\\)At \\(V_B = 16 V\\)\\(i_L = 1.5 \times 10^{-3} A\\)\\(i_R = \dfrac{(16 - 6) \times 10^{-3}}{1} = 10 \times 10^{-3} A\\)\\(\therefore i_{zener \, diode} = i_R - i_L\\)\\(= 8.5 \times 10^{-3} A\\)

The colour of light emitted by LED depends on.

LEDs are light emitting diodes which are semiconductors that convert electrical energy into the light energy. The color of the emitted light depends on the type of semiconductor material. Depending on which LEDs can be classified into three wavelengths: ultraviolet, visible and infrared.

A light emitting diode (LED) has a voltage drop of 2 V across it and passes a current of 10 mA. When it operates with a 6 V battery through a limiting resistor R, the value of R is

Light emitting diode is a forward biased P-N junction which emits light. The voltage across it = 2 v Battery voltage = 6 v Hence total voltage in the circuit = V = 6 - 2 = 4 v since a LED has 0 resistance in the forward biased region, total resistance in the circuit = 0 + r = r current I = 10 mA = 10/1000 A = 0.01 A we know that, R = V/I => r = 4/0.01 = 400Ω Hence the value of the limiting resistor is 400Ω

A red LED emits light at\\( 0.1\\) watt uniformly around it. The amplitude of the electric field of the light at a distance of \\(1 m\\) from the diode is :

Sine we know that, intensity \\(I=\dfrac{P}{4 \pi r^2}\\)Also, \\(I=\dfrac{1}{2}\varepsilon _0E_0^2\times c\\)\\(\dfrac{P}{4\pi r^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\varepsilon _0\times E_0^2\times c\\)\\(E_0^2=\dfrac{2P}{4\pi\varepsilon _0r^2c}\\)\\(\dfrac{2 \times0.1 \times9 \times10^9}{1 \times3 \times10^8}=6\\)\\(\therefore E_0=\sqrt{6}=2.45 V/m\\)

The I V characteristics of solar cell is drawn in the fourth quadrant of the coordinate axes because

The \\(V-I\\) curve for solar cell is available in the fourth quadrant, i.e. where current is negative, which means that current I is supplied by the solar cell and not drawn by it.

Mention the important considerations required while fabricating a p-n junction diode to be used as a Light Emitting Diode (LED).What should be the order of band gap of an LED if it is required to emit light in the visible range?

1.The reverse breakdown voltage of LEDs are very low, which is around 5V. So enough care is to be taken while fabricating a pn-junction diode such that the high reverse voltages do not occur across them.2. There exist very small resistance to limit the current in LED. So a resistor must be placed in series with the LED such that no damage is occurred to the LED.The semiconductor used for fabrication of visible LEDs must at least have a band gap of 1.8 eV

Two junction diodes one of germanium \\((Ge)\\) and other of silicon \\((Si)\\) are connected as shown in figure to a battery of emf \\(12\ v\\) and a load resistance \\(10\ k\ \Omega\\). The germanium diode conducts at \\(0.3\ V\\) and silicon diode at \\(0.7\ V\\). When a current flows in the circuit, then the potential of terminal \\(Y\\) will be:

Ge conducts at \\(0.3\ V\\) and \\(Si\\) Conducts at \\(0.7\ V\\). Both \\(Ge\\) and \\(Si\\) are connected in parallel. When current begins to flow, then the potential difference remains at \\(0.3\ V\\), so no current flows through Si-diode.\\(\therefore\\) Potential difference across resistive load \\(= 12 - 0.3\\)\\(= 11.7\ V\\)\\(\therefore\\) Potential of \\(Y = 11.7\ V\\).

LEDs have the following advantages over conventional incandescent low power lamps:

LEDs have longer life as compared to incandescent lamps. LED require low operational voltage and less power as compared to incandescent lamps. LEDs also have fast on-off switching capabilities. So, the answer is (d) All of the above.

A p-n junction diode cannot be used

To increase the amplitude of an AC signal, transistors are used. p-n junction diodes can be used as rectifiers and in photo-diode and LED.

Semiconductors - LED and LDR | Definition, Examples, Diagrams

definition

Light Emitting Diode

Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a heavily doped p-n junction used in forward bias. When current flows in forward-bias, electrons from n-side reach to p-side where they combines with the holes. This recombination is associated with the release of a photon and hence light is released.
Note:
1. Intensity of the emitted light depends on the magnitude of current.
2. Colour of the emitted light depends on the bandgap of the semiconductor.
3. Reverse breakdown voltage is low and device must be protected against it.
4. Only compound semiconductors (like GaAs) are capable of emitting light. Elemental semiconductors emit heat and no light.

definition

Describe the working and uses of a LDR(Light Dependent Resistor)

Working:
The snake like track shown in the figure is the Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) film which also passes through the sides. On the top and bottom are metal films which are connected to the terminal leads. It is designed in such a way as to provide maximum possible contact area with the two metal films. The structure is housed in a clear plastic or resin case, to provide free access to external light. As explained above, the main component for the construction of LDR is cadmium sulphide (CdS), which is used as the photoconductor and contains no or very few electrons when not illuminated. In the absence of light it is designed to have a high resistance inthe range of megaohms. As soon as light falls on the sensor, the electrons are liberated and the conductivity of the material increases. When the light intensity exceeds a certain frequency, the photons absorbed by the semiconductor give band electrons the energy required to jump into the conduction band. This causes the free electrons or holes to conduct electricity and thus dropping the resistance dramatically (< 1 Kiloohm).

Uses:
1. Automatic Street Light Circuit
2. Simple Fire Alarm Circuit
3. Light Activated Switch Circuit
4. Automatic LED Emergency Light
5. Night Security Light

Semiconductors - LED and LDR

definition

Light Emitting Diode

definition

Describe the working and uses of a LDR(Light Dependent Resistor)

REVISE WITH CONCEPTS

Diodes and Their Uses

Quick Summary With Stories

Semiconductors - Diode

Light - Dependent Resistor

Introduction to light emitting diode

An $L E D$ is constructed from a pn junction based on a certain semi-conducting material whose energy gap is $1.9 e V$ . Then the wavelength of the emitted light is

The colour of light emitted by LED depends on.

A light emitting diode (LED) has a voltage drop of 2 V across it and passes a current of 10 mA. When it operates with a 6 V battery through a limiting resistor R, the value of R is

A red LED emits light at $0.1$ watt uniformly around it. The amplitude of the electric field of the light at a distance of $1 m$ from the diode is :

The I V characteristics of solar cell is drawn in the fourth quadrant of the coordinate axes because

Mention the important considerations required while fabricating a p-n junction diode to be used as a Light Emitting Diode (LED).What should be the order of band gap of an LED if it is required to emit light in the visible range?

LEDs have the following advantages over conventional incandescent low power lamps:

A p-n junction diode cannot be used

definition

Light Emitting Diode

definition

Describe the working and uses of a LDR(Light Dependent Resistor)

REVISE WITH CONCEPTS

Diodes and Their Uses

Quick Summary With Stories

Semiconductors - Diode

Light - Dependent Resistor

Introduction to light emitting diode

An LED is constructed from a pn junction based on a certain semi-conducting material whose energy gap is 1.9 eV. Then the wavelength of the emitted light is

The colour of light emitted by LED depends on.

A light emitting diode (LED) has a voltage drop of 2 V across it and passes a current of 10 mA. When it operates with a 6 V battery through a limiting resistor R, the value of R is

A red LED emits light at0.1 watt uniformly around it. The amplitude of the electric field of the light at a distance of 1m from the diode is :

The I V characteristics of solar cell is drawn in the fourth quadrant of the coordinate axes because

Mention the important considerations required while fabricating a p-n junction diode to be used as a Light Emitting Diode (LED).What should be the order of band gap of an LED if it is required to emit light in the visible range?

LEDs have the following advantages over conventional incandescent low power lamps:

A p-n junction diode cannot be used

An $L E D$ is constructed from a pn junction based on a certain semi-conducting material whose energy gap is $1.9 e V$ . Then the wavelength of the emitted light is

A red LED emits light at $0.1$ watt uniformly around it. The amplitude of the electric field of the light at a distance of $1 m$ from the diode is :