Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function:1. Thyroid2. Pituitary 3. Pancreas

Thyroid: Thyroxin hormone is secreted; regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism so as to provide best balance for growth.Pituitary: Human Growth Hormone, Regulates growth and development, deficiency leads to dwarfism, gigantism if excessive production takes place.Pancreas: Secretes insulin, regulates blood sugar levels.

Which of the following is not present in pancreatic juice?

Pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas, which contains a variety of enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase and amylase. Pepsin in not present in pancreatic juice. It is secreted by the peptic cells of the stomach.

Select the incorrect statement

LH is a Luteinizing hormone produced by the gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It plays an important role in puberty, menstruation, and fertility. It triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In male, LH triggers the secretion of androgen called as testosterone from the Leydig cells. FSH is follicle-stimulating hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It helps in regulation of development, growth, pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the body. It stimulates the Sertoli cells of the testicles and helps in spermatogenesis, production of sperm. During the follicular phase, the LH and FSH increase gradually. They stimulate follicular development and estrogen secretion by follicular cells.Thus, the correct answer is 'LH and FSH decrease gradually during the follicular phase.'

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?

Correct Option: AExplanation:Aldosterone is secreted from the adrenal cortex. The main function of aldosterone is to serve as a stimulant of the renal absorption of sodium ions and water. This leads to the increment of the blood volume. When the aldosterone level is reduced, it helps to increase the sodium secretion by Distal Convoluted Tubules.

Match the following hormones with the respective disease.(a) Insulin(i) Addison's disease(b) Thyroxin(ii) Diabetes insipidus(c ) Corticoids(iii) Acromegaly(d) Growth Hormone(iv) Goitre(v) Diabetes mellitusSelect the correct option.

∙∙ Insulin deficiency leads to diabetes mellitus∙∙ Hypersecretion or hyposecretion of thyroxine can be associated with enlargement of thyroid gland called goitre.∙∙ Deficiency of corticoids (Glucocorticoid ++ mineralocorticoid) leads to Addison's disease∙∙ Growth hormone hypersecretion in adults leads to Acromegaly.So, the correct answer is '(a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)'

What is meant by control and co-ordination?

Control is the power of restraining and regulation by which something can be started, slowed down or stopped. Co-ordination is the working together of various agents of the body of an organism in a proper manner to produce an appropriate reaction to a stimulus is called coordination. For example, the nervous system and endocrine system act in a coordinated manner for the proper regulation of body activities.

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by anterior pituitary?

Hypothalamus secretes oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin) that is stored and released by neurohypophysis. Therefore, it is not secreted by anterior pituitary.So, the correct answer is 'Oxytocin'

Which is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body. It is located in the neck, below the larynx, and in front of the trachea.It secretes thyroid hormone, which regulates important metabolic processes connected to our heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels.So, the correct answer is option A.

The posterior lobe of pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because:

Oxytocin and vasopressin hormones are produced by the hypothalamus but stored and are released into the bloodstream via the posterior pituitary. That's the reason why it is not a true endocrine gland. Endocrine glands are the ductless glands that secrete and release hormones in the blood directly. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency : -

Gigantism is a rare condition of accelerated growth and increased height as a result of too much growth hormone secretion during childhood or adolescence. It is almost always the result of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumour. Congenital hypothyroidism (under activity of the thyroid gland at birth), which results in growth retardation, developmental delay, and other abnormal features. Cretinism can be due to a deficiency of iodine in the mother's diet during pregnancy.Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction) and several other symptoms.Diabetes mellitus occurs due to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency and subsequent high blood glucose levels. Diabetes Insipidus, on the other hand, develops as a result of the stilted production of a hormone in the brain, which is released to stop the kidneys producing so much urine in order to retain water.So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid hormone Tetany'.

Thyroid Gland | Definition, Examples, Diagrams

definition

Function of thyroid gland

Regulates the basal metabolism.
Promotes movement of calcium ions from blood to bones.

definition

Thyroid gland

Thyroid produces thyroxine which regulates metabolism.

Hypothyroidism: Undersecretion of thyroxine causes simple goitre, cretinism and myxoedema.
Hyperthyroidism: Oversecretion produces exophthalmic goitre.

definition

Thyroid gland- Origin, location and structure

The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland in the neck.
Origin

Develops from the endoderm of the embryo

Location

It is located at the base of the neck just below Adam's apple. Anterior to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx in the neck.

Structure

It is butterfly shaped, bilobed organ.
The two lobes are interconnected with a tissue called isthmus.
It contains 2 types of tissues; Follicles and stromal tissues
Follicles are made of follicular cells which synthesize the thyroid hormones
The stromal tissue forms the connective tissue that supports the follicular cells.

definition

Thyrocalcitonin

Thyrocalcitonin is a hormone secreted by thyroid gland that plays an important role in the calcium metabolism

It is polypeptide hormone secreted by the 'C' cells of the thyroid gland.
It is secreted when calcium level is high in the blood.
It reduces the calcium levels in the blood by promoting bone formation by the osteoblasts and by inhibiting renal tubular reabsorption of calcium
It has the antagonistic effect of parathyroid hormone

definition

Hypothyroidism

A condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone (thyroxine).
Causes

They are many disorders that cause hypothyroidism; autoimmune disorders (e.g. Hashimoto's disease - autoantibodies against thyroid), iodine deficiency, pituitary disease, certain medications etc.

Symptoms

Fatigue
Depression
Memory loss
Dry and rough skin
Joint and muscle pain
Weight gain and
inability to tolerate pain

definition

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a disorder in which your thyroid gland makes and releases more thyroid hormone than the body needs.
Causes

Graves' disease
Thyroid adenoma (tumor in thyroid gland)
Toxic goiter [different from endemic colloid goiter caused by dietary Iodide deficiency (hypothyroidism)]

Symptoms

Increased sweating
mild to extreme weight loss
Muscle weakness
Exophthalmos - protrusion of eyeballs (due to swelling of the ocular/eye muscles )
High state of excitability (quick reactions)
intolerance to heat
Tremors of the hands
Diarrhea
Nervous disorders
Extreme fatigue
Inability to sleep

definition

Disorders of thyroid gland- Hyperthyroidism- Graves' disease

Graves' disease is the most common reason for hyperthyroidism.

It is an autoimmune disorder.
Antibodies are generated against Thyrotropin stimulating receptor (TSH/thyrotropin receptor) in the thyroid gland
These antibodies called the thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) bind to the TSH receptor
TSIs binding to the TSH receptor (the receptors that were supposed to bind TSH) leads to the continuous production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.
Excess production of thyroid hormone leads to hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid Gland

definition

Function of thyroid gland

definition

Thyroid gland

definition

Thyroid gland- Origin, location and structure

definition

Thyrocalcitonin

definition

Hypothyroidism

definition

Hyperthyroidism

definition

Disorders of thyroid gland- Hyperthyroidism- Graves' disease

REVISE WITH CONCEPTS

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Adrenal Glands

Pineal Gland

Pancreas

Parathyroid Glands

Testes and Ovaries

Thymus Gland

Quick Summary With Stories

Thyroid Gland - Introduction

Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and specify one function:
1. Thyroid
2. Pituitary
3. Pancreas

Which of the following is not present in pancreatic juice?

Select the incorrect statement

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?

Match the following hormones with the respective disease.
(a) Insulin (i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxin (ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c ) Corticoids (iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth Hormone (iv) Goitre

(v) Diabetes mellitus
Select the correct option.

What is meant by control and co-ordination?

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by anterior pituitary?

Which is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?

The posterior lobe of pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because:

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency : -

(a) Insulin	(i) Addison's disease
(b) Thyroxin	(ii) Diabetes insipidus
(c ) Corticoids	(iii) Acromegaly
(d) Growth Hormone	(iv) Goitre
	(v) Diabetes mellitus