What is immunisation?

Explanation:Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.Vaccines stimulate the body's own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.

Explain the principle of immunization.

Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.This happens because when the immune system first sees an infectious microbe, it responds against it and then remembers it specifically. So the next time that particular microbe, or its close relatives enter the body, the immune system responds with even greater vigor. This eliminates the infection even more quickly than the first time around. This is the basis of the principle of immunisation.

What are the immunisation programmes available at the nearest health centre in your locality? Which of these diseases are the major health problems in your area?

At the nearest health centre in our locality, the following immunisation programmes are available:(i) For preventing polio.(ii) For preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough(iii) For preventing tuberculosis(iv) For preventing measles.Occasionally, children suffer from measles in our area.

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease ?

Psoriasis, Vitiligo and Rheumatoid arthritis are autoimmune diseases. An illness that occurs when the body tissues are attacked by its own immune system is known as autoimmune disease. Alzheimer's is caused by brain cell death. It is a neurodegenerative disease. There is progressive brain cell death that happens over time. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Write short note on vaccination.

Vaccination is a process of development of immunity without infection. In this case, weakened pathogens are injected in the body to produce immunity against the particular pathogen. This pathogen stimulates the body to form anti-bodies. In this way, vaccinated person develops immunity against the pathogen. These days vaccination is used for T.B., mumps, polio, small pox, typhoid etc.

Name the primary and secondary lymphoid organs.

The primary lymphoid organs are bone narrow and thymus where immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen sensitive lymphocytes. The secondary lymphoid organs are spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils. Payer's patches of small instestine and appendix.

Which of the following is not a lymphoid tissue

Lymphoid tissue is a cylinder of loosely organized cells surrounding the arteries. It is rich in lymphocytes and includes lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, bone marrow and thymus. An appendix is a lymphoid organ which helps the body to stave diseases.So, the correct option is 'Appendix'.

State the functions of primary and secondary lymphoid organs in humans.

The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and the thymus. The act as the site for the production , clonal selection and maturation of the B and T cells. The secondary lymphoid organs are the spleen and the lymph nodes. They act as sites for maintaining the mature naive lymphocytes and are also the site where lymphocyte binding to antigen and hence their activation occurs.

Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity.

Active immunity develops in an organism when exposed to a specific antigen, that is, the organism produces antibodies in response to a foreign antigen. However, the antibody production may not be quick but is long lasting.So, the correct answer is 'Active immunity is quick and gives full response.'

The major difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity is that:

The immune system has two divisions-humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. The humoral immunity protects against extracellular pathogens while the cell-mediated immunity protects against intracellular pathogens.so, the correct option is 'humoral immunity acts against free-floating antigens, whereas cell-mediated immunity works against pathogens that have entered body cells'.

Vaccine and Immunization | Definition, Examples, Diagrams

definition

Various aspects of immunisation

Immunization is a mass means of protecting greatest number of people. For this, immunization has to be planned according to the needs of the situation; this is called immunization programme.

definition

Vaccine

Vaccine is a preparation consisting of weakened germs or germ substances of a disease which on injection into a healthy person helps develop immunity by formation of antibodies.

definition

Vaccine

Vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines are generally made from weakened (attenuated) or killed forms of disease causing microbes or the proteins present on their surface. On injection in healthy human, these weakened or killed microbes (vaccine) are recognized as foreign substance by the immune system. The Immune system destroys it and keeps a record of it, in order to deal with it faster if encountered in future.

definition

Types of vaccines

Types of Vaccines
There are several basic types of vaccines. Some are described below

Attenuated vaccines : These are prepared from living but attenuated (weakened) microbes. Example - Sabin polio.
Inactivated vaccines : These are prepared from killed microbes. Example - Salk polio, rabies etc.
Toxoids : These are prepared from inactivated toxins of the pathogen (bacteria or virus). Example - vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria.
Subunit vaccines : These are prepared from only those fragments of a microorganism that best stimulates the immune system. Example - Hepatitis B vaccine.
Conjugated vaccines : These are prepared by combining polysaccharides with proteins. It is used to deal with poor immune response of children.

definition

Immunisation

1. Immunisation is developing resistance to disease-producing germs or their toxins by introducing killed germs or germ substance to induce the production of specific antibodies.

Vaccine and Immunization

definition

Various aspects of immunisation

definition

Vaccine

definition

Vaccine

definition

Types of vaccines

definition

Immunisation

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What is immunisation?

Explain the principle of immunization.

What are the immunisation programmes available at the nearest health centre in your locality? Which of these diseases are the major health problems in your area?

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease ?

Write short note on vaccination.

Name the primary and secondary lymphoid organs.

Which of the following is not a lymphoid tissue

State the functions of primary and secondary lymphoid organs in humans.

Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity.

The major difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity is that: