Zwitter ion prepared by loss of proton by acidic carboxyl group which is taken up by the basic amino group in alpha-amino acids. Zwitter ion is neutral but contains both positive and negative charges. Due to its dipolar nature it is referred to as a dipolar ion.

Proteins when subject to external factors such as heat, alkalies, and several electrolytes, they undergo coagulation to form fibrous proteins which are insoluble in water. This leads to change in physical and biological properties of proteins. This type of proteins are called as denatured and process is called as denaturation.

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