Q: Protein is a

A.Correct option A B.Explanation for correct option:Proteins are building blocks of the body. The proteins are made up of amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a protein. A peptide bond is formed by the linkage of the carboxyl group of one amino acid with the amino group of the amino acids. It is known as a macromolecule as it is made up of a large number of molecules.

Question 1

Protein is a

Accepted Answer

A.Correct option A&#10;&#10;B.Explanation for correct option:Proteins are building blocks of the body. The proteins are made up of amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a protein. A peptide bond is formed by the linkage of the carboxyl group of one amino acid with the amino group of the amino acids. It is known as a macromolecule as it is made up of a large number of molecules.

Question 2

Which of the following is not an example of an organic macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Graphite is not the example of organic macromolecule as graphite is the allotrope of the carbon. Hence, graphite is the elemental allotropic form of carbon. Organic Macro-molecules : Organic compounds are those that contain carbon (e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids).Hence the correct option is A.

Question 3

Which biomolecule is made up of long chain of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are the polymers of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. Carbohydrates are polymer of simple sugars. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides held together by phosphodiester bonds. Lipids are a chemically diverse group and most have a long hydrocarbon chain. Thus, the correct answer is B.

Question 4

Sugar and amino acids are

Accepted Answer

Sugars are carbohydrates that are sweet in taste. Amino acids are constituent monomers of proteins. Both are primary metabolites because they are the first biomolecules synthesized from inorganic elements like nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Secondary metabolites include resins, alkaloids, terpenes, etc which are synthesized in plants from primary metabolites and are not directly involved in the primary metabolism of plants but confer some special properties like defense, aroma, color, etc. Inoculum is used in microbiology to denote a part of a microbial culture that can be used for various purposes. Feedstock has a different meaning in different concepts and may be used to denote raw material or start material in industrial microbiology.

Question 5

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.Sr.NoList ISr.No.  List IIA. Pigments1. Concanavalin AB.Terpenoids2.  Monoterpenes, DiterpenesC. Alkaloids3.  Morphine, codeineD. Lectins4.  Carotenoids, anthocyanins

Accepted Answer

Primary metabolites are the substances like amino acids on proteins structure that are used in the day to day function of the cell. Other than that plant and fungi have different molecules like alkaloid and different pigments and these are considered secondary metabolites.Pigments-Carotenoids, Anthocyanins,Alkaloids- Morphine, Codeine, etc.Terpenoides-Monoterpenes, Diterpenes etc.Essential oils-Lemon grass oil, etc.Toxins-Abrin, RicinLectins-Concanavalin ADrugs-Vinblastin, curcumin, etc.Polymer-Rubber, gums, celluloseSo, the corect option is 'A-(iv);B-(ii);C-(iii);D-(i)'

Question 6

Study the given statements and select the correct option.i. Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids are primary metabolites.ii. Alkaloids, flavonoids, rubber, etc., are secondary metabolites.iii. Linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acids are the three essential fatty acids.

Accepted Answer

Primary metabolites are the substances that are involved in the basic metabolic processes, this includes proteins and carbohydrates and lipids. Plant cells have different molecules other than the primary metabolite and these are considered as secondary metabolite which is not directly involved in the metabolism.These are considered as a waste product for the plant cell this includes alkaloids, terpenoids, pigments, essential oils.Fatty acids are obtained by the hydrolysis of fat. Linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachnoid acid are essential fatty acids. The deficiency of essential fatty acid causes follicular hyperkeratosis disease.So, the correct option is 'Statements (I) and (ii) are correct'

Question 7

A non-essential amino acid is

Accepted Answer

Nonessential means that our bodies produce an amino acid, even if we do not get it from the food we eat. Nonessential amino acids include: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine.Therefore C is the correct option.

Question 8

The amino acids which are not synthesized in the body are called as

Accepted Answer

Some amino acids like lysine, methionine, leucine, valine etc cannot be synthesized in body and must be obtained externally through diet. These amino acids are called essential amino acids.

Question 9

Amino acids are building blocks of

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are the building blocks of polypeptide chain or proteins. These are encoded by the triplet codons of mRNA. Each codon synthesizes a specific amino acid. Example: AUG for methionine, UUU for phenylalanine and so on. Amino acids are connected via the peptide bonds to form the proteins.Hence, the correct answer is 'Proteins'

Question 10

Primary structure of protein is due to

Accepted Answer

Proteins are building blocks of the body. The proteins are made up of amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a protein. A peptide bond is formed by the linkage of the carboxyl group of one amino acids with the amino group of the amino acids. The primary structure of proteins is formed by the linkage of amino acids by the peptide bond. It is formed by the condensation reaction.

Question 11

Even after disruption of all the hydrogens bonds, which structural level of a protein molecule still remains intact?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure of the protein is formed by the covalent bond i.e., peptide bonds. hence, after disruption of hydrogen bond its structure will remain intact. Whereas secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure possess hydrogen bond. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Question 12

Alpha helixes and beta sheets are the examples of ................... protein organisation.

Accepted Answer

Alpha helix structure of the protein is a form of the secondary structure of the protein. It is formed due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between backbone amide and carbonyl groups. The hydrogen bonds linkage is formed between N-H group of one amino residue with a C=O group of another amino acid, which is placed in 4 residues earlier. Each turn of alpha helix contains 3.6 amino acid residue.&#946;-pleated secondary protein structure is formed by the parallel or anti-parallel polypeptide chain linked together by H - bonds. It is stabilized by the hydrogen bonds formed between  NH and CO of the adjacent polypeptide chain. The distance between the adjacent amino acids is 3.5 A ^o .So, the correct answer is option B.

Question 13

Hydrolysis of lipid yields

Accepted Answer

The most common lipids are triglycerides of glycerol and fatty acids. During the digestion of lipids, they are broken down into constituent fatty acids and glycerols by the action of lipase enzymes.Hence B is the correct option.

Question 14

Lipids are insoluble in water because they are

Accepted Answer

Lipids are hydrophobic means water hating. They are water insoluble. Lipids are non-polar molecules while water is polar molecule, so there is no way for water to attach to a lipid molecule. Instead, the non-polar lipids will bind to themselves, which is why oils and fats form droplets on the surface of water.

Question 15

The properties of lipids are

Accepted Answer

Lipids are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen where ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is less than that of water. Lipids are esters of fatty acids and alcohol which form emulsion with water but are soluble in organic solvents. Some of the common examples of lipids are butter, ghee, cholesterol, carotene etc. Lipids are used as energy source. Lipids provide 9.3 kcal per gram as compared to 4.5 kcal per gram by carbohydrates. Lipids have other important uses also like they lubricate hairs and feathers in animals, reduce transpiration in plants and form components of cell membranes in organisms.

Question 16

The most common monomer of carbohydrates a molecule of

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are the polymers that are made up of monomers called a monosaccharide. The common monomers of carbohydrates are simple sugars like glucose and fructose. It is also one of the four basic macromolecules of life, Monosaccharides - these are the simple sugars. Mono means one and saccharides mean sugar. The monosaccharide consists of usually 3 to 7 carbons. If sugar has an aldehyde group(R-CHO) then it is known as aldose. If sugar has a ketone group(RC(=O)R') then it is known as ketose. The classification of monosaccharides is also dependent on the number of carbons in their sugar. When sugar consists of three carbons then it is known as trioses. Similarly five carbons (pentoses),six carbons(hexoses). Glucose is the most common monosaccharides and it is a very useful source of the energy. Energy is released from glucose and that energy is used to make adenosine triphosphate during cellular respiration. Plants also make glucose using carbon dioxide and water. This glucose is utilized by the plants for energy whereas maltose or malt sugar and generally found in the germinating grains. It is also the intermediate between the hydrolysis of glycogen and starch. It consists mainly of two molecules of glucose in an a-(1,4) glycosidic linkage. Amino acids form the building block of a protein. 75% of the body comprises amino acids. The amino acids involved in all body functions include growth and development, repair of damaged tissue, helps in normal digestion, and also provide energy to the body. Phospholipids regulate certain cellular processes and also consist of stabilizing and dynamic properties that can add an advantage in drug delivery.So, the correct option is A.

Question 17

Inulin is a ..................... found in a plant cell.

Accepted Answer

Inulin is a storage polysaccharide found in plants. It is a polymer of fructose.

Question 18

Discuss the functions of polysaccharide.

Accepted Answer

The functions of polysaccharides are as follows :(1) Starch and glycogen are the major storage foods of the organic world.(2)&#10; On hydrolysis storage carbohydrates provide both energy and carbon chains. (3) Chitin is the structural carbohydrates of fungal walls and the exoskeleton of arthropods.(4) Cellulose is the structural substance of cell walls in most plants.(5)&#10; Cellulose is economically important in the production of furniture, &#10;shelter, fuel, paper, textiles, ropes, rayon, cellophane, plastics, &#10;shatterproof glass, propellant explosives, emulsifier and raw material &#10;for several fermentation products.(6) Heparin prevents blood clotting inside the blood vessels of animals.

Question 19

Nucleoside is made up of

Accepted Answer

Nucleosides do not contain phosphate. Nucleosides are made up of pentose sugar and nitrogenous base.

Question 20

Hydrolysis of nucleic acid yields

Accepted Answer

D. All of the aboveSolution: As the DNA or the nucleic acid has 3 components namely the phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous bases. So the hydrolysis will yield all of them.So the correct answer is &#34; all of the above&#34;.

Question 21

The similarity between DNA and RNA is that both are

Accepted Answer

DNA and RNA are polynucleotides. They are polymers made up of nucleotides. They are synthesized by joining together of a large number of nucleotides with the help of ester bonds. Consecutive nucleotides in DNA and RNA are joined with the help of  phosphodiester bonds.So, the correct answer is option C.

Question 22

Which of the following is not an attribute of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are biological catalysts. They are proteinaceous substances that are capable of catalysing chemical reactions of biological systems without themselves undergoing any change.So, the correct answer is 'They are used up in reactions.'

Question 23

Question 24

Enzymes are basically _________.

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are the specialized proteins which are capable of catalyzing reactions in the living cells.These enzymes are structurally different and have specific sites which helps the enzyme to bind to a substrate for the catalyzation.But there are some exceptions, that enzymes such as Ribozymes are not made up of proteins and they are made up of Nucleic acids.Therefore, enzymes are basically proteins.

Biomolecules