Q: (i) Which one of the following is a disaccharide : Starch, Maltose, Fructose, Glucose?(ii) What is the difference between fibrous proteins and globular protein?(iii) Write the name of vitamins whose deficiency causes bone deformities in children.

(i) Maltose is a disaccharide, as it contains α−D glucose units. (ii) Fibrous proteins and globular proteins differ in size, shape, solubility, appearance as well as in function. Fibrous proteins consist of repetition of a single unit to form chains that act as connective tissues and give strength and joint mobility. Globular proteins are spherical in shape and consist of long chains with numerous branches and offshoots which make them great as transport proteins. Examples of fibrous proteins are collagen, elastin, keratin, silk, etc. Examples of globular protein are myoglobin, hemoglobin, casein, insulin, etc. (iii) The deficiency that causes bone deformities in children is vitamin D.

Q: Define the following terms:(i) Glycosidic linkage(ii) Invert sugar(iii) Oligo saccharides

(i) Glycosidic linkageA glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate. (ii) Invert sugarA mixture of equal parts of glucose and fructose resulting from the hydrolysis of sucrose. It is found naturally in fruits and honey and produced artificially for use in the food industry. (iii) Oligo saccharidesAn oligosaccharide is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically three to ten) of simple sugars (monosaccharides). Oligosaccharides can have many functions including cell recognition and cell binding. For example, glycolipids have an important role in the immune response.

Question 1

Define the following terms with a suitable example of each:(a) Anomers(b) Essential amino acids(c) Denturation of protein

Accepted Answer

Anomers  \rightarrow  Anomers are stereoisomers of cyclic sugars that differ in configuration only at the hemiacetal or hemiketal carbon.Ex-  \alpha -D-Glucopyranose and  \beta -D-glucopyranose are anomers.Essential amino acids  \rightarrow  The amino acids, which cannot be synthesised in the body and must be obtained through diet, are known as essential amino acids.Ex- Histidine, leucine, etc.Denaturation of protein  \rightarrow  The process that causes a protein to lose its shape is known as denaturation.Ex- External stress on protein causes denaturation.

Question 2

(i) Which one of the following is a polysaccharide: Starch, maltose, fructose, glucose,
(ii) Write one difference between

α -

helix and

β -

pleated sheet structures of protein.
(iii) Write the name of the disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin

B_{12}

.

Accepted Answer

(i) Among above four starch is a polysaccharide which contain more than one sugar units.(ii)  \alpha- helix is a rod type structure of protein whereas  \beta- helix is a sheet like structure.(iii) Pernicious Anaemia caused by the deficiency of vitamin B _{12} .

Question 3

(i) Which one of the following is a disaccharide : Starch, Maltose, Fructose, Glucose?
(ii) What is the difference between fibrous proteins and globular protein?
(iii) Write the name of vitamins whose deficiency causes bone deformities in children.

Accepted Answer

(i) Maltose is a disaccharide, as it contains &#945;&#8722;D glucose&#10;units.&#10;&#10;(ii) Fibrous proteins and globular proteins differ in size,&#10;shape, solubility, appearance as well as in function. Fibrous proteins consist&#10;of repetition of a single unit to form chains that act as connective tissues&#10;and give strength and joint mobility. Globular proteins are spherical in shape&#10;and consist of long chains with numerous branches and offshoots which make them&#10;great as transport proteins. Examples of fibrous proteins are collagen,&#10;elastin, keratin, silk, etc. Examples of globular protein are myoglobin,&#10;hemoglobin, casein, insulin, etc.&#10;&#10; (iii) The deficiency&#10;that causes bone deformities in children is vitamin D.

Question 4

Define the following terms:(i) Glycosidic linkage(ii) Invert sugar(iii) Oligo saccharides

Accepted Answer

(i) Glycosidic linkageA glycosidic bond or glycosidic&#10;linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule&#10;to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate. &#10;&#10;(ii) Invert sugarA mixture of equal parts of&#10;glucose and fructose resulting from the hydrolysis of sucrose. It is found&#10;naturally in fruits and honey and produced artificially for use in the food&#10;industry.&#10;&#10;(iii) Oligo saccharidesAn oligosaccharide is a&#10;saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically three to ten) of simple&#10;sugars (monosaccharides). Oligosaccharides can have many functions including&#10;cell recognition and cell binding. For example, glycolipids have an important&#10;role in the immune response.

Biomolecules