Question 1

A healthy person eats a very high-protein diet.What will be the effect on the person's urine?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. They are broken down into smaller polypeptide chains by the action of hydrochloric acid and protease enzyme during digestion. When the proteins are digested, urea is formed as a byproduct which the body does not need. Hence, it is eliminated through the urine. Therefore, if a person eats a very high protein diet, his urine will contain more urea.

Question 2

The graph shows the enzymatic activity needed for excretion of urea. The graph depicts mode of excretion of frog which has changed from ............. to ........ in adult.

Accepted Answer

In aquatic animals ammonia is the main nitrogenous waste; and only about 10% of nitrogenous wastes are excreted as urea. Most amphibians are at least semi aquatic, and their mechanisms of osmoregulation are similar to those of freshwater fishes. They, too, produce large amounts of dilute urine. In its urine and through its skin, a frog can lose an amount of water equivalent to one third of its body weight in one day. Active transport of salt inward by special cells in the skin compensates for loss of salt through skin and in urine. In larval stage or tadpole stage frog excretes ammonia ie it is ammonotelic animal but a adult frog is terrestrial and changes to ureotelism ie excretes urea.

Question 3

Urea is formed in

Accepted Answer

The nitrogen in the amino acid becomes converted to ammonia, and this is further converted by the liver into urea, which is less toxic than ammonia to the body. The kidneys will then filter out the urea from the circulation, send it to the bladder along with water and excrete it in the form of urineSo, the correct answer is 'Liver'

Question 4

What will happen, if one kidney is removed from the body of a human being?

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: DExplanation:The kidney is the excretory organ, whose function is to remove wastes, control the body fluid's balance and keep the right level of electrolytes.All the blood in our body passes through them several times a day, from which waste is removed and salt, water, and minerals are adjusted.They also produce urine and also produces hormones that regulate blood pressure. When one kidney is removed, all these functions that are performed by both, will be performed by only one.The remaining one kidney will grow faster, larger than usual, and increase in size that is hypertrophied and work well enough.Hence, the correct answer is Nothing, the person will survive and remain normal.

Question 5

The kidney of a adult mammal is

Accepted Answer

One of the three embryonic excretory organs of higher vertebrates develops into a permanent and functional kidney referred to as metanephros. The metanephric kidney is also called posterior kidney.  It is the most advanced kidney in which loop of Henle is present. E.g., Reptiles, birds, and mammals. So, the correct answer is option D.

Question 6

Which of the following vein has least amount of urea?

Accepted Answer

The urea formed in the liver is excreted through the urine by the kidneys. Hence, a renal vein which carries the blood from the kidney towards the heart has the least urea concentration in it. So, the correct answer is option D.

Question 7

Question 8

Effective filtration pressure in glomerulus is caused due to

Accepted Answer

For proper filtration in the glomerulus, a certain filtration pressure should be maintained. The afferent arteriole is of larger diameter than the efferent. This means there is high resistance as the blood is forced from a wider vessel to a narrower one and this promotes filtration. So, the correct answer is option C.

Excretory Products And Their Elimination