Question 1

Humans are:

Accepted Answer

Animals that excrete excess nitrogen in the form of urea are ureotelic. Terrestrial animals cannot use water freely for excretion (because of less availability in the environment), so ammonia is converted into a less toxic and easily soluble product, urea. In mammals and semi-terrestrial adult amphibians, urea is a major nitrogenous excretory product, therefore these animals are called ureotelic. Hence, humans are ureotelic.

Question 2

Excretion means:

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: AExplanation:Excretion is an essential process in all forms of life. It is a process in which metabolic waste is eliminated from the body of an organism. Accumulation of these wastes beyond a level inside the body is harmful to the body of an organism.In mammals, urine is expelled with the help of the excretory system. In unicellular organisms, waste products are discharged directly through the surface of the cell.In green plants, excretory gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen exit the plant body through stomata, root cell walls, etc. They also eliminate waste materials in the form of resin, saps, latex, etc.Hence, excretion is the removal of harmful metabolic wastes from the body.

Question 3

Urine is stored in

Accepted Answer

The blood is filtered by the kidney and the urine is formed. Urinary bladder is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination. It is a hollow muscular, and distensible (or elastic) organ. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra. So, the correct answer is option C.

Question 4

Accessory excretory human organ are:

Accepted Answer

The accessory excretory organs are: -Skin - contains sweat glands that remove toxic salts from the body Liver - used for excretion of cholesterol pigment. Kidney - excrete toxic liquid in form of urine. Lungs - excrete harmful gases from the body. Large intestine - remove undigested food material from the bodySo, the correct option is 'Skin, lungs, liver and intestine'.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a function of kidneys?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys are important organs with many functions in the body, including producing hormones, absorbing minerals, and filtering blood and producing urine. Antibiotics are the proteins which are released in response to an antigen. It is a prominent protein which is used for the defensive mechanism.So, the correct answer is option D.

Question 6

The smallest functional unit of kidney is

Accepted Answer

Nephrons are the cells of kidney which are considered as smallest functional unit because it is microscopic structure which actively participates in functions of kidney like blood filtration and osmoregulation. A healthy adult has 0.8 to 1.5 million nephrons in each kidney. It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle filters the blood components. The filtrate is transferred to renal tubule for process of tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption which further forms the urine by maintaining its concentration. So the correct answer is &#8220;nephron&#8221;.

Question 7

Ultrafiltration takes place in

Accepted Answer

Glomerular filtration is also called ultrafiltration. The water and salts are forced out of the glomerular capillaries and pass into the Bowman's capsule as the glomerular filtrate. This glomerular filtrate is formed at a rate of above 125 cubic centimeters per minute in humans. It consists of water, salt, glucose, urea. So, the correct answer is option C.

Question 8

In the kidney, the formation of urine involve the following process arranged as

Accepted Answer

The three basic renal processes are glomerular filtration, selective reabsorption, and tubular secretion.The blood is filtered in the Bowman's capsule due to the high hydrostatic pressure by a process known as ultrafiltration.The glomerular filtrate when passes through the convoluted tubules, the useful components present in the filtrate are reabsorbed by selective reabsorption. Tubular secretion (movement from the peritubular capillaries into the tubules) is a pathway in addition to glomerular filtration for a substance to gain entry to the tubule.So, the correct answer is option A.

Question 9

Haemodialysis is carried out in case of severe defect in

Accepted Answer

The process of filtering the blood by the artificial kidney is known as hemodialysis. It is a method of removing excess water, nitrogenous wastes (urea), toxins from the blood in the patient who is rapidly developing loss of kidney function. It is also called renal replacement therapy. Hence haemodialysis is carried out in case of the severe defect in kidney.So, the correct answer is 'Kidney'.

Question 10

Renal calculi refers to the condition in which

Accepted Answer

Renal calculi or Kidney stones are solid masses made of crystals. Kidney stones usually originate in the kidneys. However, they can develop anywhere along the urinary tract.So, the correct option is 'stone is formed in kidney'.

Excretory Products And Their Elimination