Question 1

In which of the following organism malpighian tubule is found?

Accepted Answer

Malpighian tubules are found lining the gut of some species of arthropods, such as the bee. They are usually found in pairs and the number of tubules varies with the species of insect. Malpighian tubules are convoluted, which increases their surface area, and they are lined with microvilli for reabsorption and maintenance of osmotic balance. Malpighian tubules work cooperatively with specialized glands in the wall of the rectum.So, the correct option is 'Honeybee'.

Question 2

Similar structure (in function) to human kidney in Amoeba is

Accepted Answer

In amoeba, contractile vacuoles collect excretory waste, such as ammonia, from the intracellular fluid by both diffusion and active transport. It is the excretory organ of the amoeba as the kidney is the excretory organ of a human.So, the correct answer is option B.

Question 3

Sweating is a part of

Accepted Answer

Sweat is excreted through sweat glands. It helps the body to maintain a cool, consistent temperature, which also helps to maintain homeostasis. Sweating is not part of blood circulation, water circulation, and respiration. It helps the body to get rid of the excess of salt and water in the body.So, the correct answer is option C.

Question 4

Column of Bertin is extension of

Accepted Answer

The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal columns called Columns of Bertini. Hence Columns of Bertin is the extension of cortex into the medulla. Each column consists of lines of blood vessels and urinary tubes.So, the correct answer is 'Option A'.

Question 5

The peritubular capillaries of the nephron arise from the

Accepted Answer

The efferent arterioles are the arterioles that take blood away from the glomerulus. The efferent arterioles give rise to peritubular capillaries. Peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels, that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the nephron.So, the correct answer is 'Efferent arteriole'.

Question 6

Write two functions of juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

The two main functions of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are as follows:1. To regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus. 2. It secretes renin and erythropoietin. Renin controls RAAS and is responsible for osmoregulation.

Question 7

In kidney, the high capillary bed is found

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule are double-walled, the cup-shaped structure around the glomerulus of each nephron of the vertebrate kidney. It serves as a filter to remove organic wastes, excess inorganic salts, and water. The Bowman's capsule is an expansion at the closed end of a renal tubule. A kidney's renal corpuscle is composed of tangled clusters of blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a thin-walled, sac-like structure called the Bowman's capsule, which surrounds the glomerulus.

Question 8

During micturition

Accepted Answer

The process of urination is coordinated by the micturition reflex, which involves both involuntary and voluntary mechanisms. Involuntary control is by stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder, which become stimulated as the bladder distends (approximately 500 ml of urine). Once these receptors have become stimulated, the smooth muscle of the bladder contracts. These contractions elevate fluid pressure within the bladder. If both external and internal urethral sphincters are relaxed, urine is ejected. The external sphincter is relaxed under voluntary control.So, the correct answer is option A.

Question 9

Kidney stones are crystals of

Accepted Answer

A kidney stone, also known as a renal calculus or nephrolith, is a calculus formed in the kidneys from minerals in the urine. Kidney stones typically leave the body by passage in the urine stream, and many stones are formed and passed without causing symptoms. If stones grow to sufficient size (usually at least 3 millimeters (0.12 in)) they can cause blockage of the ureter. This leads to pain, most commonly beginning in the flank or lower back and often radiating to the groin or genitals. Calcium is one component of the most common type of human kidney stones, calcium oxalate. So, the correct answer is 'Calcium oxalate'

Question 10

Excretory Products And Their Elimination