Question 1

The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is

Accepted Answer

Correct answer: DExplanation:Sodium reabsorption occurs through tubular reabsorption in proximal and distal convoluted tubules only. The proximal convoluted tubule is involved in the active reabsorption of sodium into the peritubular capillary network and passive flow of water flows. It accounts for 67% of sodium reabsorption. DCT reabsorption of sodium is also an active process but is under hormonal regulation i.e., conditional response.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Henle's loop helps to maintain the concentration of urine. The descending loop of Henle is permeable to water but it is impermeable to electrolytes. The ascending loop is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes.So, the correct answer is option B.

Question 3

Question 4

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below:

	Column I		Column II
a.	Glycosuria	i.	Accumulation of uric acid in joints
b.	Gout	ii.	Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney
c.	Renal calculi	iii.	Inflammation in glomeruli
d.	Glomerular nephritis	iv.	Presence of glucose in urine

Accepted Answer

Glycosuria is the presence of sugar glucose in the urine, which is commonly seen in the diabetic people.Gout is the pain causing disorder due to the accumulation of uric acid in the joints. Renal calculi are the mass of crystallised salts in the kidney. Glomerular nephritis is the inflammation of the glomerulus. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Question 5

Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

Accepted Answer

The proximity between loop of Henle and vasa recta as well as counter current in them help in maintaining an increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitium. This mechanism help to maintain a concentration gradient in medullary interstitium so human urine is nearly four times concentrated than initial filtrate formed.So, the correct answer is 'Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys'

Question 6

Question 7

Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

The excretion of large amounts of ketone bodies and glucose in the urine is known as Ketonuria and Glucosuria respectively. It is indicative of diabetes mellitus.So, the correct answer is 'Ketonuria and Glycosuria'.

Question 8

Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex and affects electrolyte absorption in the renal tubule. Thereby, increasing water reabsorption.So, the correct answer is 'Reabsorption of  Na ^+  and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone.

	Column I (Function)		Column II (Part of Excretory System)
a.	Ultrafiltration	i.	Henle's loop
b.	Concentration	ii.	Ureter
c.	Transport of urine	iii.	Urinary bladder
d.	Storage of urine	iv.	Malpighian corpuscle
		v.	Proximal convoluted tubule

Excretory Products And Their Elimination