Match the entries in column I with those in column II and choose the correct answer from the following:Column IColumn IIa. Uremia1. Excess of protein level in urineb. Hematuria2. Presence of high ketone bodies in urinec. Ketonuria3. Presence of blood cells in urined. Glycosuria4. Presence of glucose in urinee. Proteinuria5. Presence of urea in blood

Malfunctioning of kidneys can lead to accumulation of urea in blood, a condition called uremia, which is highly harmful and may lead to kidney failure. Haematuria is usually painless and not accompanied by other symptoms. When microscopic, it may be found on routine urine analysis when red blood cells have passed from the damaged glomeruli into the filtrate. Asymptomatic proteinuria may also be found on routine urinalysis and when it is of a low level does not cause nephrotic syndrome. It occurs as protein passes through the damaged glomeruli into the filtrate. The presence of glucose (Glycosuria) and ketone bodies (Ketonuria) in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus. So, the correct answer is 'a- 5, b- 3, c- 2, d- 4, e- 1'

Excretory Products And Their Elimination

Q: Match the functional activity of the following parts,

A) Glomerulus filters the blood coming to the kidney B) Henle's loop helps in concentration of urine by maintaining sodium chloride and water balance through counter current mechanism.C) Ureter carries urine from the kidney to urinary bladderD) Renal artery supplies oxygenated blood to the kidney E) Urethra passes the urine from urinary bladder to outside .So, the correct option is A-2 , B-4 , C-5 , D-1 , E-3

Q: The given diagram represents a signal nephron from a mammalian kidney. Identify which of the numbered regions is(i)The site of ultrafiltration(ii) Particularly sensitive to ADH(iii) The main site for the reabsorption of glucose and amino acid(iv) Largely responsible for the adjustment of blood pH

The correct answer is DA-Bowman's capsule is the site of ultrafiltration.E-Collecting duct of the nephron is sensitive to ADH, large amount of water could be reabsorbed from this region to produce concentrated urine.C- Proximal convoluted tubule, glucose, amino acids , fatty acids are completely reabsorbed by active transport in PCT.D-Distal convoluted tubule, reabsorption of sodium , Bicarbonate takes place which adjusts blood PH

Q: Refer the following diagram and identify the parts of a kidney indicated.

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually produces urine by removing waste and excess substances from the blood. The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney. The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. The renal pelvis is the funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in the kidney. The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. In humans, there are two ureters, one attached to each kidney. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Q: Accessory excretory human organ are:

The accessory excretory organs are: -Skin - contains sweat glands that remove toxic salts from the body Liver - used for excretion of cholesterol pigment. Kidney - excrete toxic liquid in form of urine. Lungs - excrete harmful gases from the body. Large intestine - remove undigested food material from the bodySo, the correct option is 'Skin, lungs, liver and intestine'.

Q: A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates

Correct option: DExplanation:If GFR is too low, metabolic wastes will not get filtered from the blood into the renal tubules. Low GFR activates Juxta glomerular cells to release renin which increase the GHP using the RAAS Pathway improving the filtration rate. If GFR is too high, the absorptive capacity of salt and water by the renal tubules becomes overwhelmed.

Q: Consider the following statements and choose the correct option.A. Flame cells are excretory structures in flatworms. B. Green gland is excretory organs in annelids. C. Columns of Bertini are the extensions of the renal cortex into the renal medulla between the renal pyramids.

Green glands are excretory organs of some arthropods like crustaceans. They are also called antennal glands because these glands are located near the base of larger antennae. The excretory organ in annelids is nephridia. Thus, A and C statements are correct.

Q: Examples of animals in which the nitrogenous wastes are excreted from body in the form of uric acid are

Ammonia is so toxic. It has to be kept dilute in order to protect the animal. So the simplest solution is to excrete very dilute urine with ammonia. Reptiles and birds, convert ammonia to uric acid, which is even less toxic than urea.

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Types Of Questions

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Excretory Products And Their Elimination

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Match the Following

Match the functional activity of the following parts,

List 1
Glomerulus
Henle's loopUreter Renal arteryUrethra

List 2Carries oxygenated blood to kidneysActively involved in the filtration of the blood to form urineCarries urine from the bladder to outside of the bodyRecovery of water and sodium chloride from the urineConnect the kidneys to the bladder

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Match the entries in column I with those in column II and choose the correct answer from the following:

Column I	Column II
a. Uremia	1. Excess of protein level in urine
b. Hematuria	2. Presence of high ketone bodies in urine
c. Ketonuria	3. Presence of blood cells in urine
d. Glycosuria	4. Presence of glucose in urine
e. Proteinuria	5. Presence of urea in blood

a- 5, b- 3, c- 2, d- 4, e- 1

a- 4, b- 5, c- 3, d- 2, e- 1

a- 5, b- 3, c- 4, d- 2, e- 1

a- 3, b- 5, c- 2, d- 1, e- 4

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Image-based

The given diagram represents a signal nephron from a mammalian kidney. Identify which of the numbered regions is
(i)The site of ultrafiltration
(ii) Particularly sensitive to ADH
(iii) The main site for the reabsorption of glucose and amino acid
(iv) Largely responsible for the adjustment of blood pH

I-A, II-B, III-D, IV-E

I-A,II-B,III-C, IV-E

I-A, II-B,III-C,IV-D

I-A, II-E, III-C, IV-D

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Refer the following diagram and identify the parts of a kidney indicated.

A- Cortex, B- Nephron, C- Pelvis, D- Medulla, E- Ureter

A- Cortex, B- Medulla, C- Nephron, D- Pelvis, E- Ureter

A- Nephron, B- Cortex, C- Medulla, D- Ureter, E- Pelvis

A- Nephron, B- Cortex, C- Medulla, D- Pelvis, E- Ureter

A- Nephron, B- Ureter, C- Pelvis, D- Medulla, E- Cortex

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Single Correct

Accessory excretory human organ are:

Skin and Stomach

Skin and Heart

Lungs and Appendix

Skin, Lungs, Liver and Intestine

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A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates

Adrenal medulla to release aldosterone.

Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline.

Posterior pituitary to release vasopressin.

Juxta glomerular cells to release renin.

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Multiple Correct

Consider the following statements and choose the correct option.
A. Flame cells are excretory structures in flatworms.
B. Green gland is excretory organs in annelids.
C. Columns of Bertini are the extensions of the renal cortex into the renal medulla between the renal pyramids.

This question has multiple correct options

Flame cells are excretory structures in flatworms.

Green gland is excretory organs in annelids.

Columns of Bertini are the extensions of the renal cortex into the renal medulla between the renal pyramids.

All are correct

None of the above

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Examples of animals in which the nitrogenous wastes are excreted from body in the form of uric acid are

This question has multiple correct options

Mammals

Birds

Lizards

Frogs

Fishes

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Assertion and Reasoning

Assertion

In summer, white patches are formed on our clothes, especially in areas like underarms.

Reason

These marks are left by salts present in the sweat.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion

Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

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Assertion

Kidneys maintain the osmotic concentration of the blood.

Reason

Kidneys eliminate either hypotonic or hypertonic urine according to the need of the body.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion

Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

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