Q: Describe the geographical conditions for wheat farming.

Wheat is the 2nd most important food crop of India. It is the crop of temperate region. In India it is grown in winter. It is more dependent on climate than soil. The geographical condition required for Wheat Cultivation are mentioned below:- 1. Temperature: Wheat requires 14° to 18°C temperature. High temperature is harmful for the cultivation of wheat. 2. Rainfall: 50 cm to 100 cm rainfall is required for wheat cultivation. In the primary stage cold moisture rich climate and at the time of harvesting bright hot climate is required. 3. Soil: Fertile alluvial soil or mixed soil is ideal for wheat cultivation. 4. Land: Plain land or gentle slope is ideal for wheat cultivation.

Q: Distinguish between Subsistence Agriculture and Commercial Agriculture.

Subsistence agriculture:\$1\$. The predominant type of Indian agriculture is subsistence farming.\$2\$. In this type nearly half of the production is issued for family consumption and the rest is sold in the nearby markets.\$3\$. The farmers concentrate on staple food crops like rice and wheat.Commercial agriculture:\$1\$. Crops in great demand are grown in commercial agriculture.\$2\$. In this type crops are raised on a large scale with the view of exporting them to other countries and for earning foreign exchange.Example: Cereals, cotton, sugarcane, jute etc.

Question 1

Distinguish between traditional methods of farming and modern methods of farming

Accepted Answer

Difference between traditional methods of farming and modern methods of farming:Traditional Methods of FarmingModern Methods of Farming1. The outdated and old methods of farming used from earlier times are known as traditional methods of farming.1. New and scientific methods of farming which are used nowadays are known as modern methods of farming.2. These methods are time consuming and production is also low.2. There methods are quick, efficient and easy to used and lead to higher production in less time.3. Old methods like irrigating lands with the help of Persian wheels are used.3. Machinery like tractors and threshers are used.4. Traditional seeds are used.4. HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc. are used.5. Farmers are dependent on monsoon rain.5. Farmers are not dependent on monsoon rain as they have provision of tube wells for irrigation.6. Cow-dung and other natural manure are used as fertilisers.6. Chemical fertilisers are pesticides are used.7. Traditional farming methods do not require more inputs which are manufactured in industry.7. Modern farming methods required more inputs which are manufactured in industry.

Question 2

Describe the geographical conditions for wheat farming.

Accepted Answer

&#10;&#10;Wheat is the 2nd most important food crop&#10;of India. It is the crop of temperate region. In India it is grown in winter.&#10;It is more dependent on climate than soil. The geographical condition required&#10;for Wheat Cultivation are mentioned below:-&#10;&#10;1. Temperature: Wheat requires 14&#176;&#10;to 18&#176;C temperature. High temperature is harmful for the cultivation of wheat.&#10;&#10;2. Rainfall: 50 cm to 100 cm&#10;rainfall is required for wheat cultivation. In the primary stage cold moisture&#10;rich climate and at the time of harvesting bright hot climate is required.&#10;&#10;3. Soil: Fertile alluvial&#10;soil or mixed soil is ideal for wheat cultivation.&#10;&#10;4. Land: Plain land or&#10;gentle slope is ideal for wheat cultivation.&#10;&#10; &#10;&#10;

Question 3

Distinguish between Subsistence Agriculture and Commercial Agriculture.

Accepted Answer

Subsistence agriculture:$1$. The predominant type of Indian agriculture is subsistence farming.$2$. In this type nearly half of the production is issued for family consumption and the rest is sold in the nearby markets.$3$. The farmers concentrate on staple food crops like rice and wheat.Commercial agriculture:$1$. Crops in great demand are grown in commercial agriculture.$2$. In this type crops are raised on a large scale with the view of  exporting them to other countries and for earning foreign exchange.Example: Cereals, cotton, sugarcane, jute etc.

Question 4

Name the agricultural seasons in India.

Accepted Answer

The agricultural activities begin with the onset of monsoon in the month of June. India has three major cropping seasons in a year.$1$. Kharif-June-Early days of November-Paddy, Maize, Jute, Sugarcane, Cotton, Millet.$2$. Rabi-November-March-Wheat, Tobacco.$3$. Zaid-March-June-Fruits, Vegetables.

Question 5

The ratio between total population and total cultivated area is called ______.

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

Match the following:List I(Types)List II(Practices)(A) Horticulture(1) Cultivation of fruits and vegetables(B) Sericulture(2) Cultivation of grapevines(C) Pisciculture(3) Breeding of fish(D) Viticulture(4) Commercial rearing of silkworms

Accepted Answer

Horticulture, the branch of plant agriculture dealing with garden crops, generally fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.Sericulture produces raw silk through raising caterpillars (larvae), particularly those of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori).Fish farming or pisciculture involves commercial breeding of fish, usually for food, in fish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds.Viticulture is the broad term encompassing the cultivation, protection, and harvest of grapes where the operations are outdoors.So, the correct answer is option A.

Question 7

How did the use of modern farming methods prove beneficial for Indian farmers?

Accepted Answer

(i) Indian farmers adopted modern farming methods to increase production from the same land. Here, it is worth-mentioning that modern farming methods are a combination of high yielding varities (HYVs) of seeds, chemical fertilisers, presticides, irrigation, etc.(ii) By using these methods Indian farmers became able to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant. They now had greater amounts of surplus wheat to sell in the markets, which eventually improved their economic condition.

Question 8

Match the following:List I(Types)List II(Method)(A) Terrace farming(1) Different crops grown parallely(B) Strip cropping(2) Hill slopes are used as cultivable land in the form of flat cut regions of slope(C) Contour ploughing(3) Along the slope of mountain(D) Crop rotation(4) Different crops grown in systematic succession

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

How have the modern farming methods overused the natural resource base?OrWhat are the disadvantages of using modern farming methods?

Accepted Answer

(i) Modern farming methods have undoubtedly made the farmers selfdependent by increasing the production. At the same time they have overused the natural resource base.(ii) Increased use of chemical fertilisers have reduced soil fertility. Also, continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the water table below the ground.(iii) Environment resources like soil fertility and groundwater are built up over many years. Once destroyed it is very difficult to restore them. We must take care of the environment to ensure future development of agriculture.

Question 10

A piece of land that is normally used for farming but is left uncultivated for a while so that the soil recovers fertility is called _________.

Accepted Answer

Fallow land is the land that a farmer plows but does not cultivate for one or more seasons to allow the field to become more fertile again. The practice of leaving fields fallow dates back to ancient times when farmers realized that using soil over and over again depleted its nutrients.

Agriculture Sector of Maharashtra

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