Q: Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

Over irrigation is main cause of land degradation in Punjab due to waterlogging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh are the states facing issue of land degradation.

Q: Match the following:List I List II (A) (B)A - Land use 1 - Prevent soil erosion B - Humus 2 - Land suitable for agricultureC - Rock dams 3 - Productive use of landD - Arable land 4 - Organic matter deposited on topsoil

Answer: A- 3; B- 4; C- 1; D- 2 Land use: Land is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries. This is known as land use. Humus: Humus is defined as black organic matter formed in soil due to the decay of dead plant and animal matter. Rock dams: These are the artificial embankments created by constructing mould of soil, clay, sand and rock. Main function is to prevent floods and soil erosion Arable land: It is the land suitable for agriculture.

Q: In which of the following state is black soil found?

Black soils are derivatives of trapped lava. These are found mostly across Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh on the Deccan plateau and the Malwa Plateau, where there is both moderate rainfall and underlying basaltic rock. This soil is best suitable for growing cotton.

Q: Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?

The two important climatic factors responsible for soil formation are temperature and rainfall.

Question 1

What  steps  can  be  taken  to  control  soil  erosion  in  the  hilly  areas?

Accepted Answer

The following are the important steps taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas:1. Afforestation: The best way to conserve soil is to increase the area under forest. Indiscriminate felling of the trees should be stopped and efforts should be made to plant trees in new areas.2. Checking shifting cultivation: Checking and reducing shifting cultivation will reduce soil erosion. 3. Contour Ploughing:  If ploughing done at right angles to the hill slope, following the natural contours of the hill, the ridges and furrows break the flow of water down the hill. This will prevents soil erosion.

Question 2

Describe any five main characteristics of alluvial soil in India.

Accepted Answer

Major characteristics of alluvial soil are:1. It is formed by the deposition of the river load as it flows from its upper to its lower course.2. It is light and porous, therefore easily tillable.3. It is a fertile soil as it is rich in minerals, especially potash and lime.4. It is suitable for the growth of a large variety of rabi and kharif crops.5. Soils in the drier areas are more alkaline.

Question 3

Distinguish between the Khadar and Bangar.

Accepted Answer

Khadar(New)Bhangar(Old) 1. The khadar soils are found in the low areas of the valley, bottom of a valley which are flooded every year.The Bhangar soils are found in higher reaches, about 30 m above the flood level.  2. These soils are finer in texture.These soils are coarser in texture.  3. The khadar is light in colour and is composed of newer deposits. 3. The bhangar is composed of lime nodules or kanker and has a clayey composition.

Question 4

What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

Accepted Answer

Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas on the eastern coast.&#10;Three features of alluvial soil:&#10;&#8594; Alluvial soils are very fertile.&#10;&#8594; They are ideal for growing sugarcane, wheat and paddy.&#10;&#8594; The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.

Question 5

Explain in brief about Bhabar, Bhangar, Khadar and Terai.

Accepted Answer

Bhabar, bhangar, khadar and terai are the geological divisions of alluvial soils.&#10;&#10;Bhabar: It is found in the foothills of Shivaliks. It is 8 to 16 kms wide. It comprises of pebble studded rocks and hence no rivers. It is not suitable for agriculture.Bhangar: It covers large parts of northern plains. It is composed of old alluvial soil. It contains calcareous deposits locally known as 'Kankar'. Soil is not very fertile.Khadar: Ii is also present in northern plains like that of Bhangar. It contains new alluvium. Used extensively for agriculture.Terai: It is composed of comparatively finer alluvium and is covered by forests. It has underground streams and makes the area marshy. Suitable for agriculture.&#10;&#10;&#10;&#10;&#10;&#10;

Question 6

Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

Accepted Answer

Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are states having black soil. Cotton is mainly grown in black soil.

Question 7

Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

Accepted Answer

Over irrigation&#10;is main cause of land degradation in Punjab due to waterlogging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. Punjab,&#10;Haryana, Uttar Pradesh are the states facing issue of land degradation.

Question 8

Match the following:List I                                List II      (A)                                (B)A - Land use            1 -  Prevent soil erosion B - Humus               2 - Land suitable for agricultureC - Rock dams        3 - Productive use of landD - Arable land       4 - Organic matter deposited on topsoil

Accepted Answer

Answer: A- 3; B- 4; C- 1; D- 2&#10;&#10;Land use: Land is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries. This is known as land use.&#10;&#10;Humus: Humus is defined as black organic matter formed in soil due to the decay of dead plant and animal matter.&#10;&#10;Rock dams: These are the artificial embankments created by constructing mould of soil, clay, sand and rock. Main function is to prevent floods and soil erosion&#10;&#10;Arable land: It is the land suitable for agriculture.

Question 9

In which of the following state is black soil found?

Accepted Answer

Black soils are derivatives of&#10;trapped lava. These are found mostly across Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka,&#10;and Madhya Pradesh on the Deccan plateau and the Malwa Plateau, where&#10;there is both moderate rainfall and underlying basaltic rock. This soil is best suitable for&#10;growing cotton.

Question 10

Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?

Accepted Answer

The two important climatic factors&#10;responsible for soil formation are temperature and rainfall.

Desert Soil formation,Distribution and Characteristics

Language

Rate

REVISE WITH CONCEPTS

Soil as a Resource

Major Soil Groups of India (ISCE 10)

QUICK SUMMARY WITH STORIES

Alluvial soil

Black soil

Red soil and Laterite Soils

What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?