Question 1

Mention any three differences between liberals and radicals.

Accepted Answer

(i) Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. In contrast, radicals wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country's population.(ii) Liberals did not believe in universal adult franchise. They felt men of property mainly should have the vote. But radicals opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners.(iii) Liberals did not want the vote for women. On the other hand, many radicals supported women's suffragette movement.

Question 2

Who among the following hold/s the office during the pleasure of the President?

Accepted Answer

Governors of the states, Attorney General of India, Civil Sevices Personal, Council of Ministers and Prime Minister hold the office during the pleasure of President. Article 156 {Term of office of Governor} specifies this condition among several others, &#34;The Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.&#34;

Question 3

Which of the following are the basic features of the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act?
1. Provides for a three-tier structure of panchayats in the village, intermediary and district level.
2. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes and women in all the tiers of panchayats.
3. Election to panchayats under the supervision of the State Election Commission.
4. Introduction of the 11th Schedule to the Constitutions.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

The basic features of the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act are:It provides for a 3-tier Panchayat system, which would be constituted in every state at the village level, intermediate level and district level. This provision brought the uniformity in the Panchayati Raj structure in India. There is a provision of reservation of seats for SCs and STs at every level of Panchayat. The seats are to be reserved for SCs and STs in proportion to their population at each level. State Election Commission would have the power to supervise, direct and control the elections to the Panchayats and also prepare the electoral rolls.It introduced Schedule 11 to the Indian Constitution which has a list of subjects under the Panchayat Raj institutions or rural local government.

Question 4

With the help of an example, prove that a democratic government is a more accountable form of government.

Accepted Answer

We can take the example of India. In India, the government is accountable to the citizens.(i) Government policies in India are based on the democratic values.(ii) It is able to respond to the needs of the people.(iii) It holds multi-party elections.(iv) It has opposition parties to criticize the citizens.(v) Democracy ensures that decision-making will be based on norms and procedures. So, a citizen who wants to know if a decision was taken through the correct procedures can find it out. This is known as transparency. So, this shows democracy produces a government which follows the procedures and is accountable to the government.(vi) A democratic government rules within limits set by constitutional law and citizen's right.(vii) Democracy provides a method to deal with difference and conflicts. It is suitable in countries like India. India has diversity of language, religion and culture.(viii) It is better than other forms of government because it allows us to correct our own mistakes.(ix) Democracy also increases the dignity of the citizens, because it is based on the principle of polticial equality. This means that the poorest and the least educated have the same status as the rich and educated.

Question 5

Apart from the Central and the State government there is the third type of government in Belgium called the

Accepted Answer

Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This &#8216;community government&#8217; is elected by people belonging to one language community &#8211; Dutch, French and German-speaking &#8211; no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

Question 6

The Chief Minister of a State in India is not eligible to vote in the Presidential Election if ____________.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Who conducts the election to the Panchayats and Municipalities?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary.
Give any three values which can be reflected from this proposal.

Accepted Answer

The three values which can be reflected from this proposal are:(i) Power-sharing: This arrangement would refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch.(ii) Equality: The enforcement of equality would bring all the people of France on the same platform. There would be no special privileges for the clergy or the nobility. Everyone would enjoy equal status.(iii) Expansion of peace and prosperity: A good administration is always a harbinger of peace and prosperity. In France, if the government valued Montesquien's proposal, there would be peace everywhere. People would prosper day by day.

Question 9

Discuss three challenges faced by Panchayati Raj institutions in India.

Accepted Answer

Panchayati Raj system in India signifies the system of rural local self-government. It was constitutionalized through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. Panchayati Raj institutions are simultaneously a remarkable success and s staggering failure. The three challenges faced by Panchayati Raj institutions in India are:-1) The prime challenge that the institution faces is the problem of lack of finances. The lack of financial resources hinders their functions and growth. 2) There is very little devolution of authority. Panchayati Raj institution cannot govern unless they are given the authority to actually perform functions related to governance.3) Lack of awareness and non-fulfillment of promises made by these bodies make village people suspicious of the utility of Panchayati Raj bodies.

Question 10

The Ordinances issued by the Governor are object to the approval by __________.

Accepted Answer

When the State Legislature is not in session and the Governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the Governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the State Legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the State Legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.

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