Q: Give two examples of the following in the space provided.(i) Raw Materials: _____________ and _____________________(ii) End product: _______________ and _________________________(iii) Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________(iv) Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________ (v) Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________(vi) Co-operatives: ______________________ and _________

(i) Raw materials: Cotton and steel (ii) End product: Shirt and safety pin (iii) Tertiary activities: Banking and transport (iv) Agro-based industries: Tea and cotton textile industry (v) Cottage industries: Pottery industry and basket-weaving industry (vi) Co-operatives: Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy

Q: Where was the first Cement Plant set up in India?

Cement is essential for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments. The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904.

Question 1

Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material. How are they different from each other ?

Accepted Answer

Industries on the basis of source of raw materials and their differences are;1) Agro based industries- Those industries which draw raw material from agriculture is called agro based industries example: cotton textile, sugar mill.2) Mineral based industries- Industries which get raw material from minerals called mineral based industries. example: cement, steel, iron industries3) pastoral based industries- These industries depends up on animals for their raw materials. example: shoes, dairy industries.4) Forest based industries- paper, wood industries are forest based industries.

Question 2

What  are  basic  industries?  Give  an  example.

Accepted Answer

Basic or key industries are those which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g. iron and steel, copper smelting and aluminum smelting.

Question 3

Give two examples of the following in the space provided.
(i) Raw Materials: _ and _
(ii) End product: _ and ___________
(iii) Tertiary Activities: and
(iv) Agro-based Industries: and
(v) Cottage Industries: _ and
(vi) Co-operatives: __ and _

Accepted Answer

(i) Raw materials: Cotton and steel&#10;(ii) End product: Shirt and safety pin&#10;(iii) Tertiary activities: Banking and transport&#10;(iv) Agro-based industries: Tea and cotton textile industry&#10;(v) Cottage industries: Pottery industry and basket-weaving industry&#10;(vi) Co-operatives: Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy

Question 4

Differentiate between Mineral based Industry and Agro based industry giving one example for each.

Accepted Answer

i. Agro-based industries provide employment in rural areas, but mineral-based industries provide employment both in rural and urban areas.ii. Agro-based industries mostly produce consumer goods. e.g, sugar, jute, textile etc. Mineral-based industries produce both consumer and value-based goods, e.g., Iron and steel, engineering industry, shipbuilding machine tools etc.

Question 5

Name  the  important  raw  materials  used  in  the  manufacturing  of  cement?

Accepted Answer

Manufacturing of cement requires heavy, low value, and weight losing material. It is primarily a raw material oriented industry. Limestone is the main raw material. The location of a cement plant depends mostly on the limestone deposits. The other raw materials are seashells, slag from steel plants and slag from fertilizer, silica, and aluminium are important ingredients. Gypsum is necessary to regulate the setting time of cement.

Question 6

Classify the industries based on raw materials.

Accepted Answer

Industries are categorized into four types based on raw materials:-1) Agro - based industries : Plant and animal based products are used as raw materials in agro - based industries. For example : cotton textile, vegetable oil, food processing, dairy products and leather industries.2) Mineral based industries : Mineral based industries are built on mining and mineral ore is used as raw material. These industries also provide raw materials to other industries. They are used for heavy machinery and building materials. For example : iron and steel industry, cement industry.3) Marine based industries : Raw materials from ocean or sea are used in marine based industries. For example : fish oil.4) Forest based industries : Raw materials from the forests like wood are used in forest based industries. For example : paper, pharmaceutical and furniture industries.

Question 7

Distinguish between the following: Public sector and joint sector industry

Accepted Answer

Public sector industries Joint sector industries1. These industries are owned and managed either by the Central government or the State government. These industries are owned, managed and controlled jointly by the private entrepreneur and the government. 2. For eg. BHEL, SAIL, etc. For eg. Oil India Ltd. (OIL).

Question 8

Describe the importance of manufacturing industries.

Accepted Answer

Importance of manufacturing:-It is the backbone of industrial development.It helps to reduce people's dependence on the primary sector by providing job opportunities in the secondary sector.Import and export of manufactured goods brings in much needed foreign exchange.Countries that transform raw materials into goods of higher value prosper, therefore, India's prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries.

Question 9

What do you understand by Classification of industries based on ownership?

Accepted Answer

On the basis of ownership, industries can be classified as:Public Sector: These industries are aimed and operated by the government agencies.Private Sector: These industries are owned and operated by private entrepreneurs, e.g., TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Reliance Industries, Dabur Industries, etc.Joint Sector: These industries are jointly run by the state and individual or a group of individuals. Oil India Ltd (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sectors.Cooperative Sector: These industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool in the resources and share the profits or losses proportionately such as the sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in Kerala.

Question 10

Where was the first Cement Plant set up in India?

Accepted Answer

Cement is essential for construction activity&#10;such as building houses, factories, bridges,&#10;roads, airports, dams and for other commercial&#10;establishments. The first cement plant was set up in&#10;Chennai in 1904.

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