Q: What are essential and non-essential amino acids? Give two examples of each type.

\$\text {Essential Amino Acids}:\$ Amino acids which can't be created in our body but can only be received from proper food or diet are called \$\text {Essential Amino Acids}\$. Examples- Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine.\$\text {Non- essential amino acids}:\$ Amino acids which can be created in our body itself are \$\text {Non- essential amino acids}\$. Examples-alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid. Examples- Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine.

Q: Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching.

A) Correct option C B) Explanation for the correct option: Figure A shows the secondary structure and B represented the tertiary structure.The secondary structure of the protein, which has hydrogen bonds in addition to the peptide bonds that provide stability to the protein.The tertiary structure is formed when secondary proteins fold more than once.

Q: Amino acids generally exist in the form of Zwitterions. This means they contain :

Basic \${-COO}^{-}\$ group and acidic \$-\overset {+}{N}{H}_{3}\$ groupA zwitterion is a compound with no overall electrical charge, but which contains separate parts which are positively and negatively charged. In aqueous solution, the carboxyl group can lose a proton (becomes basic group) and amino group can accept a proton (becomes acidic) giving rise to the dipolar ion known as Zwitterions.\$\underset{\text{amino acid}}{{H}_{2}N-CH(R)-COOH} \rightleftharpoons \underset{Zwitterion}{{H}_{3}\overset{+}{N}-CH(R)-{COO}^{-}}\$

Question 1

What are essential and non-essential amino acids? Give two examples of each type.

Accepted Answer

$\text {Essential Amino Acids}:$  Amino acids which can't be created in our body but can only be received from proper food or diet are called $\text {Essential Amino Acids}$. Examples- Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine.$\text {Non- essential amino acids}:$ Amino acids which can be created in our body itself are $\text {Non- essential amino acids}$. Examples-alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid. Examples- Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine.

Question 2

Which of the following amino acid is neutral ?

Accepted Answer

Neutral Amino acids: Glycine, Alanine, leucine, Isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, Proline, methionine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine, glutamine, asparagine, tryptophan.Acidic amino acids: Aspartic acid, glutamic acidBasic amino acids: Lysine, histidine, ArginineTherefore, option B is correct

Question 3

Define the following as related to proteins :(i) Peptide linkage (ii) Primary structure(iii) Denaturation

Accepted Answer

I) Peptide linkage is the peptide bond formed between the amino acids. It is a covalent bond formed between amino group of one molecule and carboxylic acid group of another molecule.II)The primary structure of a peptide or protein is the linear sequence of its amino acid structural units. The primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C) end.(III) The process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the quaternary structure, tertiary structure and secondary structure which is present in their native state known as denaturation. by application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic sol.

Question 4

Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching.

Accepted Answer

A) Correct option C&#10;&#10;B) Explanation for the correct option:&#10;&#10;Figure A shows the secondary structure and B represented the tertiary structure.The secondary structure of the protein, which has&#10;hydrogen bonds in addition to the peptide bonds that provide stability to the&#10;protein.The tertiary structure is formed when&#10;secondary proteins fold more than once.

Question 5

The melting points and solubility in water of amino acids are generally higher than of corresponding halo acids.

Accepted Answer

Like ionic compounds, amino acids have a strong electrostatic attraction when present in zwitterion. Because of this, they have a melting point and solubility in higher than the corresponding haloacids.

Question 6

What is a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino acid group of the other molecule, resulting into the formation of an amide group along with a molecule of water. The reaction is known as dehydration synthesis/ condensation reaction and the resulting $ CO-NH $ bond is known as a peptide bond.

Question 7

Which of the following compounds can form a zwitter ion?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Write short notes on: Zwitter ion.

Accepted Answer

A zwitterion is a molecule that has at least two functional groups: one having a positive charge and the other having a negative charge, with an overall charge of zero. Zwitterions can form from other molecules called ampholytes, or amphoteric compounds and can act as both an acid and a base.Zwitterions are polyelectrolytes that contain both positively and negatively charged groups, and the overall charges are neutral.

Question 9

Amino acids generally exist in the form of Zwitterions. This means they contain :

Accepted Answer

Basic ${-COO}^{-}$ group and acidic $-\overset {+}{N}{H}_{3}$ groupA zwitterion is a compound with no overall electrical charge, but which contains separate parts which are positively and negatively charged. In aqueous solution, the carboxyl group can lose a proton (becomes basic group) and amino group can accept a proton (becomes acidic) giving rise to the dipolar ion known as Zwitterions.$\underset{\text{amino acid}}{{H}_{2}N-CH(R)-COOH} \rightleftharpoons \underset{Zwitterion}{{H}_{3}\overset{+}{N}-CH(R)-{COO}^{-}}$

Question 10

Define peptide linkage.

Accepted Answer

Peptide linkage is a peptide bond which is formed between two amino acid[- CO- NH-]$H_ 2N-CH\boxed { -CO-NH- } -CH_3$

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