Which of the following substances cause permanent hardness of water?
CaCl2
Ca(HCO3)2
CaCO3
All of the above
A
CaCO3
B
CaCl2
C
Ca(HCO3)2
D
All of the above
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Solution
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Permanent hardness is caused by dissolved chloride, sulfate, and nitrates of Calcium & magnesium (which are not removed by boiling) and temporary hardness is caused by dissolved calcium hydrogen carbonate (which is removed by boiling).
Hence, the correct option is A.
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