There are six major controls; of the climate of a place:
(i) Latitude: Due to the curvature of the earth, the amount of solar energy received varies according, to latitude. As a result, air temperature' generally decreases from, the, equator towards the poles.
(ii) Altitude: As, one goes from, the surface of the earth to higher altitudes, the atmosphere becomes less, dense and temperature decreases. The hills are therefore cooler during summers.
(iii) Pressure and wind system: The pressure and wind system of any area depend on the latitude and altitude of the place. Thus it influences the temperature arid rainfall' pattern.
(iv) Distance from the sea: The sea exerts moderating influence on climate. As the distance from the sea increases, its moderating influence decreases and the people experience extreme weather conditions. This condition is known, continentality which means very hot during, summer and very cold during winters.
(v) Ocean Currents: Oceans along with onshore winds affect the climate of the coastal areas:. For-instance, any coastal area with warmish-cold'currents flowing past it, will' be warmed or cooled if the winds are onshore:
(vi) Relief features: High. mountains act as a barrier for cold: or hot winds.. They. may, also cause precipitation, if they are high enough and lie in the path of rain, bearing winds. The leeward side of' the mountains remains, relatively dry.