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Question

The primary purpose of the passage is to _______.
  1. present findings that contradict one explanation for the effects of a particular advertising practice
  2. argue that theoretical explanations about the effects of a particular advertising practice are of limited value without empirical evidence
  3. discuss how and why particular advertising practices may affect consumers' perceptions
  4. explain why a finding about consumer responses to a particular advertising practice was unexpected
  5. contrast the research methods used in two different studies of a particular advertising practice

A
present findings that contradict one explanation for the effects of a particular advertising practice
B
argue that theoretical explanations about the effects of a particular advertising practice are of limited value without empirical evidence
C
discuss how and why particular advertising practices may affect consumers' perceptions
D
contrast the research methods used in two different studies of a particular advertising practice
E
explain why a finding about consumer responses to a particular advertising practice was unexpected
Solution
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The primary purpose can be determined only by evaluating the whole passage. The first paragraph discusses consumers' perceptions of quality based on frequency of advertising. The second paragraph discusses three studies that show how consumers base their evaluations of products on the kinds of advertising they see. Therefore, the purpose of the whole passage is to show how consumers' perceptions of products are shaped by certain advertising practices.
A The passage shows that expensive advertising works to a certain point, but not after it; this method examines a continuum, not a contradiction.
B Most of the passage is devoted to empirical evidence.
C Correct. The passage shows how the frequency and the kind of advertising influence consumers' perceptions about the quality of the products advertised.
D The passage reports the findings of four studies but does not mention research methods.
E The passage does not indicate that any of the findings were unexpected. The correct answer is C.

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