Q: Action of the peptide hormone on a target cell is mediated by

\$\textbf{Correct option:B}\$ \$\textbf{Solution:}\$\$\textbf{Option (A)}\$\$\bullet\$ Cytoplasmic receptor are present on the surface of the plasma membrane of target cells, the substrate binds to these receptor and conformational change of these receptors brings about further changes inside the cell.\$\textbf{Option (B)}\$\$\bullet\$ Cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger for steroid hormone as it can not pass through the plasma membrane such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, glucagon, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, antidiuretic hormone.\$\textbf{Option (C)}\$\$\bullet\$ Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation and other body functions.\$\textbf{Option (D)}\$\$\bullet\$ Epinephrine is secreted from the adrenal medulla in response to stress and emergency , as a hormone it increases metabolic rate by accelerating heart rate ,constricting blood vessels ,increasing blood pressure and oxygen consumption. As a neurotransmitter when it transmits impulses at the synapse between axons and dendrites of two neurons.\$\textbf{Hence, the correct option is (B)}\$

Q: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system secretes which of the following hormone?

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system secretes mineralcorticoids. These are the steroid hormones. They regulate the water and electrolyte balance in the body. The main mineralocorticoid present in our body is aldosterone.Whenever \$K^+\$ concentration rises or \$Na^+\$ concentration falls, the aldosterone is released. It stimulates the renal tubules to absorb \$Na^+\$ and water and excrete \$K^+\$ and phosphate ions from the body. The aldosterone causes the active uptake of \$Na^+\$ ions from the nephric filtrate by acting over distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules. As the sodium concentration in blood restores due to the action of aldosterone, the water also follows it by osmosis, so blood volume is restored. Thus, aldosterone maintains the electrolyte balance, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure, and blood pressure of the body.So, the correct answer is option A.

Question 1

Which one controls the secretion of estrogen?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis and secretion of oestrogen is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which is, in turn, controlled by the hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 2

Action of the peptide hormone on a target cell is mediated by

Accepted Answer

$\textbf{Correct option:B}$ $\textbf{Solution:}$$\textbf{Option (A)}$$\bullet$ Cytoplasmic receptor are present on the surface of the plasma membrane of target cells, the substrate binds to these receptor and conformational change of these receptors brings about further changes inside the cell.$\textbf{Option (B)}$$\bullet$ Cyclic AMP  acts as a second messenger for steroid hormone as it can not pass through the plasma membrane such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, glucagon, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, antidiuretic hormone.$\textbf{Option (C)}$$\bullet$ Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation and other body functions.$\textbf{Option (D)}$$\bullet$ Epinephrine is secreted from the adrenal medulla in response to stress and emergency , as a hormone  it increases metabolic rate by accelerating heart rate ,constricting blood vessels ,increasing blood pressure and oxygen consumption. As a neurotransmitter when it transmits impulses at the synapse between axons and dendrites of two neurons.$\textbf{Hence, the correct option is (B)}$

Question 3

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system secretes which of the following hormone?

Accepted Answer

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone&#10;system secretes mineralcorticoids. These are the steroid hormones. They&#10;regulate the water and electrolyte balance in the body. The main&#10;mineralocorticoid present in our body is aldosterone.Whenever $K^+$&#10;concentration rises or $Na^+$ concentration falls, the aldosterone is&#10;released. It stimulates the renal tubules to absorb $Na^+$ and water and&#10;excrete $K^+$ and phosphate ions from the body. The aldosterone causes the&#10;active uptake of $Na^+$ ions from the nephric filtrate by acting over distal&#10;convoluted tubules and collecting tubules. As the sodium concentration in blood&#10;restores due to the action of aldosterone, the water also follows it by&#10;osmosis, so blood volume is restored. Thus, aldosterone maintains the&#10;electrolyte balance, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure, and blood pressure of&#10;the body.So, the correct answer is option A.

Question 4

At cellular level, GH affects growth by controlling the production of

Accepted Answer

mRNA levels are high during log-phase of growth in glucose medium, low in post-diauxic cells growing on ethanol and slightly lower still in cells in stationary phase. mRNA levels are induced by glucose in a process, that involves transcriptional control, and requires metabolism of the glucose.Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Question 5

Which one of the following four glands is correctly matched with the accompanying description?

Accepted Answer

Thymic involution is the shrinking of the thymus gland with age, resulting in changes in the structure of the thymus and a decrease in its tissue mass. The thymus attains its greatest size at puberty when it weighs about 35 grams. After puberty, the organ undergoes involution (shrinking) with ageing.

Question 6

A man is admitted to a hospital. He is suffering from an abnormally low body temperature, loss of appetite and extreme thirst. His brain scan would probably show a tumor in

Accepted Answer

The hormones produced by hypothalamus control body temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, circadian rhythm, moods, sex drive, and the release of other hormones in the body. The hunger and satiety centre, the thermoregulatory centre is present in the hypothalamus. So, a tumor in that region may cause the abnormalities, as low body temperature, loss of appetite and extreme thirst.

Question 7

Pineal gland of human brain secretes melatonin, which is concerned with

Accepted Answer

Melatonin secretes from the pineal gland present in the anterior pituitary gland. Melatonin helps in regulating the sleep-wake cycle Thus, the correct answer is (C).

Question 8

The chemical substances released by activated spermatozoa, that acts on the ground substances of the follicle cells is

Accepted Answer

In mammals, the acrosome reaction releases hyaluronidase and acrosin. The acrosomal reaction begins when the sperm comes into contact with the oocyte's zona pellucida. Upon coming into contact with the zona pellucida, the acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve and the actin filament comes into contact with the zona pellucida. Hyaluronidase enzymes present on the surface of the sperm helps sperm to enter into the ova through the layer of granulosa cells.

Question 9

Which one of the following pairs of organs includes only the endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which causes an increase in blood calcium levels by targeting bone, the intestine, and the kidneys. The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that are responsible for releasing hormones in response to stress through the synthesis of corticosteroids and catecholamines. Whereas, gonads like testes in male ovaries in female have an exocrine function such as the production of gametes and endocrine function of testosterone, estrogens and progesterone production respectively. Pancreas also have the dual function. As an exocrine gland they secrete pancreatic juice and as an endocrine gland, they produce insulin and glucagon hormones.Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Question 10

Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones, and are most likely to bind

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormone receptors are found on the plasma membrane, in the cytosol and also in the nucleus of target cells. They are generally cytoplasmic intracellular receptors and initiate signal transduction for steroid hormones, which lead to changes in gene expression. These are able to pass the hydrophobic environment of the plasma membrane and bind to the cytoplasmic receptors and further alters the gene expression.So, the correct answer is option D.

Chemical Control And Integration

Biology
5107 Views

Which one controls the secretion of estrogen?

Action of the peptide hormone on a target cell is mediated by

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system secretes which of the following hormone?

At cellular level, GH affects growth by controlling the production of

Which one of the following four glands is correctly matched with the accompanying description?

A man is admitted to a hospital. He is suffering from an abnormally low body temperature, loss of appetite and extreme thirst. His brain scan would probably show a tumor in

Pineal gland of human brain secretes melatonin, which is concerned with

The chemical substances released by activated spermatozoa, that acts on the ground substances of the follicle cells is

Which one of the following pairs of organs includes only the endocrine glands?

Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones, and are most likely to bind

Chemical Control And Integration

Biology 5107 Views

Which one controls the secretion of estrogen?

Action of the peptide hormone on a target cell is mediated by

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system secretes which of the following hormone?

At cellular level, GH affects growth by controlling the production of

Which one of the following four glands is correctly matched with the accompanying description?

A man is admitted to a hospital. He is suffering from an abnormally low body temperature, loss of appetite and extreme thirst. His brain scan would probably show a tumor in

Pineal gland of human brain secretes melatonin, which is concerned with

The chemical substances released by activated spermatozoa, that acts on the ground substances of the follicle cells is

Which one of the following pairs of organs includes only the endocrine glands?

Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones, and are most likely to bind

Biology
5107 Views