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Benzoic acid does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction due to ------ of the benzene ring by the ------ effect of $- C O O H$ group.
Activation, electron donating
Activation, electron withdrawing
Deactivation, electron withdrawing
Deactivation, electron donating

A

Deactivation, electron withdrawing

B

Activation, electron withdrawing

C

Deactivation, electron donating

D

Activation, electron donating

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Solution

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Benzoic acid does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction due to deactivation of the benzene ring by the electron-withdrawing effect of $- C O O H$ group.

The reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Aromatic nucleus acts as a nucleophile. Any group that decreases the electron density of aromatic nucleus, will deactivate the ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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