Bond dissociation enthalpy of H2,Cl2 and HCl are 434, 242 and 431 kJ mol−1 respectively.
Enthalpy of formation of HCl is:
245kJmol−1
93kJmol−1
−245kJmol−1
−93kJmol−1
A
−93kJmol−1
B
−245kJmol−1
C
245kJmol−1
D
93kJmol−1
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Solution
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The reaction between hydrogen and chlorine molecules to form hydrogen chloride. This reaction can be broken down into these simple steps:
H2(g)+Cl2(g)→2HCl(g)
Step 1: Dissociation of Hydrogen and Chlorine molecules into their respective atoms
H2(g)→2H(g)
Cl2(g)→2Cl(g)
Step 2: Combination of these atoms to form hydrogen chloride
2H(g)+2Cl(g)→2HCl(g)
Since in the first step, one-mole of each H−H and Cl−Cl bonds are broken, it is an endothermic process (ΔH1>0) while in the second step two moles of HCl are being formed which releases energy making ΔH2<0
Now, ΔH1=ΔHCl−Cl+ΔHH−H
=434+242
=676kJmol−1
Now, ΔH2=−2ΔHH−Cl
=−862kJmol−1
Applying Hess Law, i.e, ΔH′=ΔH1+ΔH2, we get
ΔH′=−186kJmol−1
This is the enthalpy of formation of two moles of HCl. Hence the enthalpy of formation of one mole of HCl will be
ΔH=−93kJmol−1
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