The paragraph narrates details of Newton's life.
Option C: 'Was brought up' is the most suitable option for this statement. It's in the passive voice. A sentence is in passive voice when the subject (Newton) receives the action.
In active voice, the subject performs the action.
Here, Newton received the action 'was brought up' from his grandmother. (Also, 'by' follows the verb to indicate the passive voice.)
Hence option C is correct.
Option A: 'Brought up' is in the active voice. But, the subject here does not perform the action. Newton did not bring up his grandmother. Hence option A is incorrect.
Option B: 'Bringing up' is in the present continuous tense. It does not relate to the passage, which is in the past. Also, a helping verb 'is, are, was' is missing. Hence B is incorrect.
Option D: 'Looked after', like 'brought up', is also in the active voice form. Hence option D is incorrect.