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Question

Consider the nitration of benzene using mixed conc. H2SO4 and HNO3. If a large amount of KHSO4 is added to the mixture, the rate of nitration will be:
  1. unchanged
  2. slower
  3. faster
  4. doubled

A
faster
B
slower
C
unchanged
D
doubled
Solution
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During nitration of benzene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, when large amount of KHSO4 is added, the rate of nitration will be slower. Sulphuric acid helps in the formation of electrophile +NO2 ion.

HONO2+2H2SO42[HSO4]+H3O+++NO2

When large amount of KHSO4 is added, it will provide HSO4 (common ion) which will decreases the concentration of NO+2.

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