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Question

Give balanced equations and principle involved in the manufacture of nitric acid (HNO3) by Ostwald's process.

Solution
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Ammonia is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen using catalyst. 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)Pt/Rhgaugecatalyst−−−−−−−−−−−−500K,9bar4NO(g)+6H2O(g)
Nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide
2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g)
Nitrogen dioxide dissolves in water to form nitric acid.
3NO2(g)+H2O(g)2HNO3(l)+NO(g)
NO formed as byproduct is reused and aqueous HNO3 is concentrated by distillation up-to 68% by mass. It is then dehydrated with water to form 98% by mass.

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