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Question

Holotype is
  1. Specimen used by author as nomenclature type.
  2. Specimen referred alog with original description.
  3. Duplicate of nomenclature type.
  4. Specimen selected from original, when nomeclature type is missing.

A
Specimen used by author as nomenclature type.
B
Specimen selected from original, when nomeclature type is missing.
C
Specimen referred alog with original description.
D
Duplicate of nomenclature type.
Solution
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A holotype is a single physical example of an organism, known to have been used, when the species was formally described. It is either the single such physical example or one of several such, but explicitly designated as the holotype.
So, answer is- '
Specimen used by author as nomenclature type'.

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Specimen selected from original material to serve as new nomenclature type when holotype is missing
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