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Standard VIII
Physics
Question

In the process of electrostatic induction
  1. A conductor is rubbed with an insulator
  2. A charge is produced by friction
  3. Negative and positive charges are separated
  4. Electrons are 'sprayed' on the object

A
Electrons are 'sprayed' on the object
B
Negative and positive charges are separated
C
A conductor is rubbed with an insulator
D
A charge is produced by friction
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Solution
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Electrostatic induction is a redistribution of electrical charge in an object, caused by the influence of nearby charges. In the presence of a charged body, an insulated conductor develops a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on the other end.
When a charged object is brought near an uncharged, electrically conducting object, such as a piece of metal, the force of the nearby charge due to Coulomb's law causes a separation of these internal charges. For example, if a positive charge is brought near the object, the electrons in the metal will be attracted toward it and move to the side of the object facing it. When the electrons move out of an area, they leave an unbalanced positive charge due to the nuclei. This results in a region of negative charge on the object nearest to the external charge, and a region of positive charge on the part away from it. These are called induced charges. If the external charge is negative, the polarity of the charged regions will be reversed.
Since this process is just a redistribution of the charges that were already in the object, it doesn't change the total charge on the object; it still has no net charge. This induction effect is reversible; if the nearby charge is removed, the attraction between the positive and negative internal charges cause them to intermingle again.

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Similar Questions
Q1
When an object is rubbed by another, the objects get charged - one as positive and another as negative. In electrostatic series:
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Q2

Select the correct alternative:

(a) when a glass rod is rubbed with the dry silk cloth, the charge acquired by the silk cloth is :

(i) positive

(ii) negative

(iii) both positive and negative

(iv) none of the above.

(b) When an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur,the rod acquires:

(i) positive charge

(ii) negative charge

(iii) no charge

(iv) none of the above.

(c) When a negatively charged body is brought closer to another negatively charged body, then they will show :

(i) attraction

(ii) no effect

(iii) repulsion

(iv) none of the above.

(d) Charging a conductor by bringing another charged conductor close to it without touching is called :

(i) induction (ii) conduction

(iii) convection (iv) radiation.

(e) The factor responsible for charging a conductor is :

(i) transfer of protons

(ii) transfer of neutrons

(iii) transfer of electrons

(iv) transfer of protons and electrons.

(f) Two objects when rubbed together get charged.The charges on them are:

(i) equal and opposite

(ii) equal and similar

(iii) unequal and similar

(iv) unequal and opposite

(g) When a glass rod is rubbed with silk,the glass rod and the silk get charged because:

(i) electrons are transferred from the silk to the glass rod

(ii) electrons are transferred from the glass rod to the silk.

(iii) protons are transferred from the silk to the glass rod.

(iv) protons are transferred from the glass rod to the silk.

(h) The conductor of electricity is :

(i) wood (ii) glass

(iii) ebonite (iv) human body

(i) A gold leaf electroscope is to be charged positively by conduction.For this:

(i) a positively charged rod is held close to near the disc of electroscope.

(ii) a positively charged rod is placed in contact with the disc of electroscope.

(iii) a negatively charged rod is held close to near the disc of electroscope.

(iv) a negatively charged rod is touched with the disc of electroscope.

(j) A glass rod rubbed with silk is touched with the disc of negatively charged gold leaf electroscope.The divergence of leaves will:

(i) decrease

(ii) increase

(iii) remain unchanged

(iv) first decreases and then increases.

(k) The rod in gold leaf electroscope is made up of:

(i) wood (ii) brass

(iii) glass (iv) ebonite

(l) Lighting conductor is made up of :

(i) copper (ii) glass

(iii) ebonite (iv) wood

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Q3
Indicate, giving reasons, if the following statements are true or false.
(a) An object which is positively charged contains only protons and no electrons.
(b) An atom with 11 electrons, 11 protons and 12 neutrons is electrically neutral.
(c) An object that is electrically neutral will contain only neutrons.
(d) Two straws rubbed with silk will attract each other.
(e) A balloon rubbed with wool will repel another one that is not rubbed.
(f) When a glass rod is rubbed with silk and made to touch an electroscope, its leaves diverge as they acquire similar charges from the rod.
(g) An electroscope charged by induction develops the same kind of charge as that of the charging body.
(h) To charge an electroscope by conduction, it must be touched by a charged body.
(i) Like charges attract each other while unlike charges repel each other.
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Q4

If an object made of substance A is rubbed with an object made of substance B, then A becomes positively charged and B becomes negatively charged. If, however, an object made of substance A is rubbed against an object made of substance C, then A become negatively charged. What will happen if an object made of substance B is rubbed against an object made of substance C?


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Q5
One coulomb charge is placed on an insulated stand at the centre of the spherical conductor of radius 1 m this year is given a charge of 1 c the electrostatic force experienced by the charge at the centre will be
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