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Question

Mendel's laws apply only when
  1. F1 in monohybrid cross shows two types of individuals
  2. The characters are linked.
  3. First pair of contrasting character is dependent upon other pairs.
  4. Parents are pure breeding.

A
The characters are linked.
B
Parents are pure breeding.
C
F1 in monohybrid cross shows two types of individuals
D
First pair of contrasting character is dependent upon other pairs.
Solution
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F1 generation of a monohybrid cross is genotypically heterozygote but express only dominant trait and thus consists of only dominant individuals. The linkage is the tendency of closely placed genes on a chromosome to stay together during inheritance (no crossover and independent assortment). Completely linked genes do not show crossover and independent assortment; thereby produce only parental combinations. Pure breeding varieties are the one that carries the same allele for a particular character and pass the trait without change from one generation to next upon selfing (for example, pure breeding tall plant carries two copies of “T” allele). Mendel’s law apply on pure breeding varieties only since pure breeding parent plants produce uniform F1 generation of dominant individuals and exhibit reappearance of missing trait in F2 generation i.e. law of dominance. Independent assortment is segregation of factors for a trait independent of other factors during gamete formation followed by their random rearrangement in progeny thereby producing both parental and new combinations. Mendel's traits follow independent assortment during meiosis and produce the expected parental and recombinant phenotypes in 9:3:3:1 dihybrid ratio. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

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