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Standard XII
Biology
Question

Ritu, Shweta and Urvashi want to find out who among them has the largest lung capacity. They decide to blow air into a balloon in one breath and see how big it becomes. Which of the following factors must they keep same to make the test a fair one?
(i) Colour of the balloon
(ii) Size and shape of the balloon
(iii) Whether to breathe in before blowing
(iv) Material of the balloon

  1. (i) and (ii)
  2. (ii) and (iii)
  3. (i), (iii) and (iv)
  4. (ii), (iii) and (iv).

A
(ii) and (iii)
B
(i), (iii) and (iv)
C
(i) and (ii)
D
(ii), (iii) and (iv).
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Solution
Verified by Toppr

The correct option is D (ii), (iii) and (iv).
Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. Blowing a balloon in one attempt actually tests the VC of the person. When comparing the VC between 3 persons, the basic parameters of the balloon must remain the same. That is the material of the balloon, size and shape of the balloon should be same for 3 persons. Also they should breathe out fully, then take in deep breath and then expel out air forcefully through mouth into the balloon.

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(i) Colour of the balloon
(ii) Size and shape of the balloon
(iii) Whether to breathe in before blowing
(iv) Material of the balloon

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