Question

Select the option that correctly identifies, I, II, III and IV.

• A. I - Biosphere reserves; II - Arboreta; III - Gene banks, cryopreservation IV - National parks, wildlife sanctuaries.
• B. I - Scared plants, home gardens; II - National parks, wildlife sanctuaries; III - Arboreta; IV - Gene banks, cryopreservation.
• C. I - Biosphere reserves; II - Gene banks, cryopreservation; III - Scared plants, home gardens; IV - National parks, wildlife sanctuaries.
• D. I - Biosphere reserves; II - National parks, wildlife sanctuaries; III - Scared groves; IV - Gene banks, cryopreservation.

Answer 1

Answer: (D)

In-situ conservation is the on-site conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of Teagan species.[1] It is the process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat, either by protecting or restoring the habitat itself, or by defending the species from predators. It is applied to conservation of agricultural biodiversity in agro ecosystems by farmers, especially those using unconventional farming practices. About 4% of the total geographical area of the country is used for in situ conservation. The following methods are presently used for in situ conservation. Biosphere reserves cover very large areas, often more than 5000 km2. They are used to protect species for a long time. Currently, there are 18 Biosphere Reserves in India. A national park is an area dedicated for the conservation of wildlife along with its environment. It is usually a small reserve covering an area of about 100 to 500 square kilometers. Within biosphere reserves, one or more national parks may also exist. Currently, there are 104 national parks in India. A wildlife sanctuary is an area which is reserved for the conservation of animals only. Currently, there are 543 wild sanctuaries in India.

Ex situ conservation literally means, "off-site conservation". It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat; for example, by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, which may be a wild area or within the care of humans. The degree to which humans control or modify the natural dynamics of the managed population varies widely, and this may include alteration of living environments, reproductive patterns, access to resources, and protection from predation and mortality. The storage of seeds, pollen, tissue, or embryos in liquid nitrogen. This method can be used for virtually infinite storage of material without deterioration over a much greater time-period relative to all other methods of ex situ conservation. Cryopreservation is also used for the conservation of livestock genetics through Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources. An extensive open-air planting used maintain genetic diversity of wild, agricultural, or forestry species. Typically species that are either difficult or impossible to conserve in seed banks are conserved in field gene banks. Field gene banks may also be used grow and select progeny of species stored by other ex situ techniques.

So the correct option is 'I- Biosphere reserves, II- National park, wildlife sanctuaries, III- sacred groves, IV- Gene banks, cryopreservation'.