Question

Structure of eubacterial cell.

Answer 1

Eubacteria are the prokaryotic organisms belonging to the kingdom Monera. The structure of the eubacterial cell can be described as follows:

1. The outer most layer of the cell is the cell wall that is made up of peptidoglycans. In some bacteria, additionally, the capsule is present which is made up of sugars and proteins.
2. Many eubacteria have the cellular appendages called flagella that allow them to move through rotational motion. These flagella are made up of flagellin proteins and extend out from the cell wall. The base of the flagella is fixed within the cell membrane.
3. Cell membrane follows the cell wall and it is made up of a bilayer of phospholipids, proteins, and sugars. It is selectively permeable structure.
4. Enclosed within the cell membrane is cytoplasm in which cellular content is present. Eubacteria do not have any nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
5. Their DNA is present as the naked and coiled structure in the cytoplasm. Such a structure is called nucleoid.
6. Eubacteria also have an extrachromosomal circular DNA called plasmids that give them resistance against antibiotics and also provide pathogenicity.
7. In the cytoplasm, the enzymes and proteins are present to carry out the metabolic activities.
8. Sometimes, invaginations of the cell membrane are seen in the cytoplasm, called mesosomes. These contain photosynthetic and respiratory enzymes.